variation & evolution

Cards (26)

  • What can lead to huge variation between individuals?
    Differences in genes and environment
  • What is the process called that can lead to the evolution of new species?
    Natural selection
  • What term describes the differences among individuals in a population?
    Variation
  • What does a phenotype describe?
    Observable characteristics of an individual
  • What two factors determine a phenotype?
    Genes and environment
  • What do genes code for?
    Proteins
  • What is a genome?
    All of your genes combined
  • Why do identical twins have different appearances?
    Due to environmental factors
  • How can the environment affect identical twins' height?
    Through differences in diet and sleep
  • What influences most of our traits?
    Interaction of genes and environmental factors
  • What causes genetic variation?
    Mutations
  • What is a mutation?
    A change in the DNA code
  • What is the effect of most mutations on phenotypes?
    They have no effect
  • What can beneficial mutations do?
    Make individuals more resistant to diseases
  • How do beneficial mutations affect survival?
    They increase chances of survival and reproduction
  • Who proposed the idea of survival of the fittest?
    Charles Darwin
  • What did Darwin observe about traits in offspring?
    Useful traits were passed on more frequently
  • What does natural selection describe?
    Fittest individuals being selected to survive
  • What is evolution according to Darwin?
    Inheritance of characteristics over generations
  • What does the theory of evolution imply about current species?
    They evolved from different species
  • How long ago did simple life forms first develop?
    More than 3 billion years ago
  • What evidence supports Darwin's theory of evolution?
    Antibiotic resistance and fossil records
  • What occurs through natural selection over time?
    Genetic changes leading to suited phenotypes
  • What happens when two populations can no longer interbreed?
    A new species is formed
  • What is the end goal of evolution through natural selection?
    Formation of new species
  • What are the key concepts of natural selection and evolution?
    • Variation among individuals
    • Phenotypes influenced by genes and environment
    • Mutations create genetic diversity
    • Beneficial mutations enhance survival
    • Survival of the fittest leads to reproduction
    • Evolution results in new species over generations