Aristotle

• Fallacy of composition

  • Russell, Sartre & Dawkins
  • Final telos for humanity is ridiculous.
  • Aristotle assumes what is true of a part is true of the whole.
• Hume


  • Aristotle falls into fallacy of affirmation of the consequent.
  • Cause & effect are habitual link.
  • Interaction between objects doesn't mean one caused the other to move.
• Nihilism

  • Developed by Nietzsche - life has no purpose/meaning.
  • Sartre & Camus agree.
  • Camus thinks it is ridiculous that the universe would have a purpose. He says we need to create a purpose for ourselves.
• 4 Causes

  1. Material Cause
  2. Formal Cause
  3. Efficient Cause
  4. Final Cause