How the electric motor works

• What concept describes the force on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field?

  The motor effect
• What determines the direction of the force on a wire in a magnetic field?

  The directions of the magnetic field and current
• How can you determine the direction of force on a wire?

  Using Fleming's left hand rule
• What happens to the force direction if the current direction is reversed?

  The force direction also reverses
• What happens when two wires are connected at one end in a coil?

  The coil experiences forces in opposite directions
• What direction will the coil spin if the left side experiences an upward force?

  Clockwise
• What occurs when the coil is rotated by 180 degrees?

  The current direction in the coil reverses
• What is the effect of reversing the current direction on the forces acting on the coil?

  The forces swap direction on each side
• What happens if the coil keeps flipping back and forth?

  It won't complete a full rotation
• How can we ensure the coil rotates continuously in one direction?

  Change the direction of the current every half turn
• What device is used to change the direction of current in a motor?

  Split ring commutator
• What does the split ring commutator do?

  Swaps positive and negative connections every half turn
• How does the split ring commutator affect the coil's rotation?

  It ensures consistent force direction
• What happens when the positive terminal is connected to one side of the commutator?

  The current flows around the coil
• What is a common application of electric motors?

  Fans, vehicles, and hard drives
• What is necessary for real-life motors compared to the simple model discussed?

  They need to be more powerful
• How can the speed of motor rotations be increased?

  Increase current, add more turns, or use stronger magnets
• What are the three methods to increase motor speed?

  Increase current, add turns, increase magnetic flux density