characteristics of phobias depression and ocd

• What three psychopathologies are focused on in this unit?

  Phobias, depression, and OCD
• How are the characteristics of phobias, depression, and OCD categorized?

  Behavioral, emotional, and cognitive characteristics
• What is a common behavior associated with phobias?

  Avoidance of the phobic object
• What is Arachnophobia?

  A fear of spiders
• What is claustrophobia?

  A fear of enclosed spaces
• What is avoidant behavior in phobias?

  Physically adapting behavior to avoid phobic objects
• What physical response is associated with phobias?

  Panic response, such as screaming or hyperventilating
• How does a serious phobia affect daily functioning?

  It may prevent engagement in normal activities
• What emotional characteristic is common in phobias?

  Anxiety, characterized by high arousal
• How does anxiety manifest in phobia sufferers?

  Constant worry about future encounters
• What is the emotional state linked to phobias?

  Fear, an intense emotional response
• What cognitive characteristic do phobia sufferers exhibit?

  Exaggerated belief in harm from phobic objects
• How do phobias affect cognitive capacity?

  They reduce the ability to think and engage
• What is a defining feature of depression?

  A constant and long-lasting sense of sadness
• What behavioral change is common in depression?

  Change in activity level, often lethargy
• What is anhedonia in the context of depression?

  Lack of energy for enjoyable activities
• What emotional characteristics are associated with depression?

  Sadness, guilt, helplessness, and low self-worth
• How does depression affect concentration?

  It leads to poor concentration and indecisiveness
• What are negative schemas in depression?

  Automatic negative biases in thinking
• What does OCD stand for?

  Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• What defines OCD?

  Obsessions and compulsions as anxiety responses
• What are common compulsions in OCD?

  Checking behaviors and ritual cleaning
• How do compulsions relate to anxiety in OCD?

  They attempt to reduce anxiety temporarily
• What is a behavioral characteristic of OCD related to avoidance?

  Avoiding objects that trigger obsessive thoughts
• What emotional characteristic is common in OCD?

  High levels of anxiety due to obsessions
• What cognitive characteristics include obsessions in OCD?

  Intrusive, irrational, and recurring thoughts
• What is hypervigilance in OCD?

  A permanent state of alertness for threats
• What does selective attention mean in OCD?

  Focus on objects related to obsessions
• What are the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive characteristics of phobias?

  • Behavioral: Avoidance, panic response, failure to function
  • Emotional: Anxiety, fear
  • Cognitive: Exaggerated beliefs about harm
• What are the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive characteristics of depression?

  • Behavioral: Lethargy, anhedonia, poor hygiene
  • Emotional: Persistent sadness, guilt, helplessness
  • Cognitive: Poor concentration, negative schemas
• What are the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive characteristics of OCD?

  • Behavioral: Compulsions, checking behaviors, avoidance
  • Emotional: High anxiety, depression
  • Cognitive: Obsessions, hypervigilance, selective attention