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Physics paper 1
Atomic Structure
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Created by
Alfie folland
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Cards (63)
What is the charge of the nucleus?
Positively
charged
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What particles are contained in the nucleus?
Neutrons
and
protons
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What is the charge of electrons?
Negatively
charged
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What is the relative mass of a proton?
1
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What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
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What is the typical radius of an atom?
1
×
1
0
−
10
metres
1 \times 10^{-10} \text{ metres}
1
×
1
0
−
10
metres
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How much smaller is the nucleus compared to the atom?
10,000
times smaller
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Where is most of the mass of an atom concentrated?
At the nucleus
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How do electron arrangements change?
With interaction with
EM radiation
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What do all atoms of the same element have in common?
The same number of
protons
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What defines a neutral atom?
Same number of
electrons
and
protons
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What are isotopes?
Atoms with the same
protons
but different
neutrons
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What does the letter X represent in isotopes?
The letter of their
element
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What does the mass number A represent?
Number of
neutrons and protons
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What does the proton number Z represent?
The number of
protons
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What does N represent in atomic notation?
The
charge
of the atom
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What happens if there are more electrons than protons?
The atom has a
negative charge
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What happens if there are fewer electrons than protons?
The atom has a
positive charge
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What occurs when electrons change orbit?
They absorb or emit
EM radiation
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What happens when electrons move to a higher orbit?
The atom absorbs
EM radiation
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What happens when electrons fall to a lower orbit?
The atom emits
EM radiation
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What can happen if an electron gains enough energy?
It can leave the
atom
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Who proposed that everything was made of tiny spheres?
Dalton
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What did JJ Thomson discover?
The
electron
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What was the Plum Pudding Model?
Electrons dispersed in positive "pudding"
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What did Rutherford realize about the atom?
Most of the atom is
empty space
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What did the Gold Foil Experiment demonstrate?
Most
alpha particles
went straight through
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What does deflection of alpha particles indicate?
The
nucleus
must be
charged
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What does a deflection of >90° in alpha particles suggest?
The
nucleus
contains most of the
mass
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What model did Bohr produce in 1913?
The final model of the
atom
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What did Chadwick provide evidence for?
The existence of
neutrons
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What is radioactive decay?
A random process of
nuclei
changing
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What is activity in terms of radioactive decay?
The rate of
unstable nuclei
decaying
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How is activity measured?
In
Becquerel
,
Bq
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What is count-rate?
Number of
decays
recorded
per second
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What is alpha decay?
Emission of a
helium nucleus
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How ionising is alpha radiation?
Highly
ionising
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How penetrating is alpha radiation?
Weakly penetrating (
~5cm
of air)
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What is beta minus decay?
Emission of an
electron
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How ionising is beta radiation?
Medium
ionising
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