PHYSICS-electromagnetic waves

• What is the main topic of the study material?

  Electromagnetic Waves and Uses of EM Waves
• What type of spectrum do EM waves form?

  Continuous Spectrum
• What is the primary use of EM waves?

  Mainly for Communication
• How are radio waves generated?

  By Oscillating Charges
• What is one application of microwaves?

  Used by Satellites
• What household appliance uses microwaves?

  Microwave Ovens
• How can infrared radiation be utilized?

  To Monitor Temperature
• What effect does ultraviolet radiation have on skin?

  Gives You a Suntan
• What do optic fibre cables use to transmit data?

  Visible Light
• What are X-rays and gamma rays primarily used for?

  In Medicine
• What determines the uses of EM waves?

  Their Properties
• What can high-energy EM radiation cause?

  Cell Damage
• What is a potential effect of UV radiation?

  Sunburn and Skin Aging
• What can X-rays and gamma rays damage?

  DNA
• What is the measure of radiation risk?

  Radiation Dose in Sieverts
• What is the relationship between radiation dose and risk?

  Higher Dose Increases Risk
• How is radiation dose often expressed?

  In Millisieverts (mSv)
• What is the radiation dose for a head CT scan?

  2.0 Sv
• What is the radiation dose for a chest CT scan?

  8.0 Sv
• How does the risk of gene damage differ between head and chest CT scans?

  Chest scan has four times higher risk
• What are the risks and benefits of radiation exposure?

  • Risks:
  • Can be harmful
  • Potential for cancer
  • Benefits:
  • Useful for medical diagnosis
  • Can save lives
• What historical change occurred regarding X-ray use?

  • X-ray machines were widely used from 1920-1970
  • Awareness of radiation harm led to reduced use
  • Benefits of X-rays recognized over time
• What is the effect of low-energy waves like UV rays?

  Don't transfer much energy
• What is the risk of developing cancer from an X-ray compared to a car accident?

  Much smaller than car accident risk
• What is the relationship between sieverts and millisieverts?

  1000 mSv = 1 Sv
• What is ionizing radiation?

  Radiation that can damage DNA
• What is one hazard of gamma rays?

  Can cause gene mutation
• What is one practical use of EM radiation?

  Medical imaging with X-rays
• What is the effect of high-energy waves like X-rays?

  Can cause serious damage
• How do the effects of EM radiation vary?

  Depend on energy and type of radiation
• What is the significance of measuring radiation dose?

  To assess health risks
• What is the main concern with overexposure to radiation?

  Health risks increase
• What is the purpose of balancing risks and benefits of radiation exposure?

  To ensure safety while using technology