Cards (30)

  • What does the term ‘diktat’ refer to in the context of the Treaty of Versailles?
    It refers to imposed terms without negotiation
  • How did Germans perceive their government after the Treaty of Versailles?
    They blamed it for betraying the country
  • What was the ‘stab in the back’ myth?
    Belief that the government betrayed Germany
  • How much did Germany have to pay in reparations?
    £6.6 Billion
  • What was the war guilt clause in the Treaty of Versailles?
    Germany was blamed for the war
  • What was the consequence of Proportional Representation in the Weimar Constitution?
    Minority groups gained political voice
  • How many chancellors were there in the Weimar Republic's first 14 years?
    18 chancellors
  • What did Article 48 of the Weimar Constitution allow?
    President could pass laws without Reichstag
  • What was the purpose of a plebiscite in the Weimar Republic?
    To allow citizens to vote on major laws
  • What were the characteristics of left-wing and right-wing rebellions against the Weimar Republic?
    Left Wing:
    • Wanted change through extreme measures
    • Example: Spartacist uprising in 1919

    Right Wing:
    • Wanted to maintain the status quo
    • Example: Kapp Putsch in 1920
  • What was the outcome of the Spartacist uprising?
    It was crushed by the Freikorps
  • What was the Kapp Putsch?
    A right-wing rebellion against the government
  • How many politicians were murdered by nationalist terrorist groups?
    356 politicians
  • What caused hyperinflation in Germany?
    Printing money to pay striking workers
  • How did hyperinflation affect the value of money in Germany?
    Money became worthless and prices soared
  • What was the effect of introducing the Rentenmark?
    Inflation was brought under control
  • What were the key improvements in Germany's international relations under Stresemann?
    • Signed the Locarno Pact in 1925
    • Joined the League of Nations in 1926
    • Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926
    • Signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact in 1928
  • What did the Locarno Pact entail?
    Countries promised not to invade each other
  • What was the significance of Germany joining the League of Nations?
    It gained 'great power' status
  • What was the purpose of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?
    To resolve issues without military action
  • Why were some Germans unhappy with Stresemann's foreign policy?
    They felt Germany should not negotiate
  • What were the key aspects of the Dawes Plan and Young Plan?
    Dawes Plan:
    • Extended time to repay reparations
    • Included a large loan from the USA

    Young Plan:
    • Reduced reparations to 37,000 million marks
    • Spread payments over a longer period
  • What was the total amount of the loan from the USA under the Dawes Plan?
    25,000 million gold marks
  • How did the Young Plan affect Germany's reparations?
    It lowered reparations significantly
  • What was a major downside of Stresemann's economic policies?
    Germany became dependent on the USA
  • What improvements occurred in living standards from 1924 to 1929?
    • Growth in cinema and culture
    • 3 million new houses built
    • Shorter working week with better pay
    • Increased higher education enrollment
    • Women's rights improved significantly
  • What was the impact of Stresemann's reforms on unemployment?
    Unemployment was reduced
  • How did women's lives improve during Stresemann's era?
    Women gained voting rights and jobs
  • What was the perception of extremist politicians during the Weimar Republic's good times?
    They remained opposed to the Republic
  • Why did trade unions oppose female workers?
    They feared lower wages for men