Controlling Blood Glucose

• What hormones control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin and glucagon
• What does blood glucose concentration describe?

  The amount of sugar in the bloodstream
• Why do cells need a constant supply of glucose?

  For respiration to produce energy
• What happens if blood glucose concentration is too high?

  It can damage tissues
• What occurs when a person eats a large meal with carbohydrates?

  Blood glucose concentration increases
• How does blood glucose concentration change after eating carbohydrates?

  It spikes and then decreases
• What organ detects changes in blood glucose levels?

  The pancreas
• What hormone does the pancreas release in response to high blood glucose?

  Insulin
• What do insulin receptors on cells do?

  They signal cells to take in glucose
• Which cells primarily take up glucose?

  Liver and muscle cells
• What is glycogen?

  A long-term storage form of glucose
• What happens to blood glucose concentration after insulin is released?

  It decreases to normal levels
• What hormone is released when blood glucose levels are too low?

  Glucagon
• How does glucagon affect blood glucose levels?

  It increases blood glucose concentration
• What does glucagon do in the liver?

  It breaks down glycogen into glucose
• What is the relationship between insulin and glucagon?

  They work in a negative feedback loop
• How do insulin and glucagon maintain blood glucose levels?

  They regulate glucose levels based on need
• Why does blood glucose concentration fluctuate?

  Due to continuous release of insulin and glucagon
• What happens to blood glucose levels after a meal?

  They rise and then fall
• What is the effect of skipping breakfast on blood glucose levels?

  It can cause low blood glucose levels
• What is the main function of insulin?

  To lower blood glucose levels
• What is the main function of glucagon?

  To raise blood glucose levels
• What is the consequence of high blood glucose levels?

  It can damage tissues
• What is the consequence of low blood glucose levels?

  Cells lack sufficient glucose for respiration
• How do insulin and glucagon interact in the body?

  They balance each other's effects on glucose
• What is the overall goal of insulin and glucagon?

  To maintain stable blood glucose levels
• What happens to glucose levels after insulin is released?

  They decrease
• What happens to glucose levels after glucagon is released?

  They increase
• What is the significance of the negative feedback loop in glucose regulation?

  It helps maintain glucose homeostasis
• How does the body respond to fluctuating blood glucose levels?

  By releasing insulin and glucagon as needed
• What is the role of the pancreas in blood glucose regulation?

  It releases insulin and glucagon
• What is the effect of a high carbohydrate meal on blood glucose levels?

  It causes a spike in glucose levels
• What happens to glucose after it is absorbed into the bloodstream?

  It raises blood glucose concentration
• What is the relationship between glycogen and glucose?

  Glycogen is made of glucose molecules
• How does the body ensure glucose levels are stable?

  By continuously releasing insulin and glucagon
• What is the consequence of skipping meals on blood glucose levels?

  It can lead to low glucose levels
• What is the primary function of the pancreas in glucose regulation?

  To secrete insulin and glucagon
• What is the effect of glucagon on liver cells?

  It stimulates glycogen breakdown
• How does insulin affect muscle cells?

  It promotes glucose uptake
• What is the overall effect of insulin on blood glucose levels?

  It lowers blood glucose levels