cardiovascular system

• what carries deoxygenated blood towards the lungs?

  pulmonary artery
• what transports blood to the right atrium of the heart?

  vena cava
• state 2 functions of capillaries:

  transfer oxygen, glucose and nutrients into the bodies tissues.

  removes carbon dioxide, waste products and lactic acid from the bodies tissues.
• how does the cardiovascular system control temperature and how does it aid performance in physical activity?

  it releases heat by moving blood closer to the skins surface. this allows a performer to exercise for long periods without overheating.
• one way the structure of arteries makes them suited for their function:

  arteries have thick muscular walls. this allows them to carry blood flowing at high pressure.
• blood can be redistributed around the body to meet the demands of physical activity. identify 2 areas of the body that would increase blood flow when swimming.

  arm muscles

  leg muscles
• explain why blood would flow to arm and leg muscles when swimming:

  the muscles in the arms and legs would be working while swimming.

  so they need more oxygenated blood.

  in order to release more energy needed for swimming movements.
• assess the importance of the number of red blood cells to an endurance athlete:

  red blood cells carry oxygen. (1 mark)

  so a high number of red blood cells would lead to more oxygen delivered to muscles during exercise. (1 mark)

  very important to endurance athletes as it would allow them to work aerobically for long periods. (1 mark)
• what are the three main function of the cardiovascular system?

  - transport of substances

  - temperature control

  - clotting of wounds
• whats transport of substances?

  - transporting things like oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients around the body in the bloodstream.

  - this gives the muscles what they need to release energy to move during exercise. it also takes away any waste products.
• whats temperature control?

  - moving more blood closer to the skin cools the body more quickly.

  - this means you can exercise for a long time without overheating.
• whats clotting of wounds?

  - your blood clots to seal cuts. this stops you bleeding too much if you get a cut.

  - it also prevents wounds becoming infected.
• whats the cardiovascular system made up of?

  heart

  blood

  blood vessels
• why is the cardiovascular system important?

  during any type of physical activity, blood needs to circulate around the body and deliver oxygen and glucose to your muscles, and to take carbon dioxide away from them. this is where the heart comes in.
• what happens on the left side of your heart?

  - OXYGENATED blood from the lungs enter the left atrium through the pulmonary veins.

  - the left atrium contracts, pushing the blood through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle.

  - the left ventricle contracts, pushing the blood through the left semi-lunar valve into the aorta, which carries oxygenated blood to the rest of the body - including the muscles.
• what happens in the right side of your heart?

  - when the muscles have used the oxygen in your blood it becomes deoxygenated.

  - it enters the right atrium through the vena cava vein.

  - the right atrium contracts, pushing the blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.

  - the right ventricle contracts, pushing blood through the right semi lunar valve into the pulmonary artery.

  - the pulmonary artery carries the blood to the lungs to be oxygenated again.
• What are arteries?

  they carry blood away from the heart.

  carry oxygenated blood except for pulmonary arteries.

  thick muscular walls which allow them to carry blood flowing at high pressure. they have a small lumen.
• whats a vein?

  carry blood towards the heart.

  all veins carry deoxygenated blood except for the pulmonary veins.

  carry blood at low pressure, so they have thinner walls and less muscle than arteries.

  they have valves to stop backward flow of blood.

  have large lumens.
• what are capillaries?

  carry blood through the body to exchange oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients with the body's tissues.

  have very thin walls so substances can easily pass through.

  they are one cell thick to allow gasses like oxygen and carbon dioxide to pass through.
• cardiovascular volumes:

  heart rate = beats per minute (BPM)

  stroke volume = amount of blood ejected in the left ventricle per beat

  cardiac output = amount of blood ejected from left ventricle per minute.

  HR X SV = CO

  heart rate x stroke volume = cardiac output
• what is vascular shunting?

  when you exercise , blood is redistributed around the body to increase the supply of oxygen to your muscles.
• what is the composition of blood?

  • red blood cells - carry oxygen around the body so it can release energy needed by muscles in physical activity.
  • white blood cells - fight against disease so you stay healthy and perform well.
  • platelets - fibrous tissue that help blood to clot at wounds so they don't become infected.
  • plasma - yellow fluid that carries everything else in the bloodstream.