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Biology Paper 2
Variation And Evolution
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Created by
Joshua Curnow
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Cards (202)
What is meant by variation in biology?
Differences in
characteristics
of individuals
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What are the three main causes of variation?
Genetic
,
environmental
, and combined causes
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What is the first cause of variation?
Inherited alleles
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How does the environment cause variation in flowers?
Color depends on the
pH
of the soil
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How do genetics and diet influence human height?
Genetics determine
potential
; diet affects
growth
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What causes genetic variation in a population?
Mutations
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What are mutations?
Random changes to
DNA
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What is the effect of most mutations on phenotype?
Most have
no effect
at all
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How can some mutations influence phenotype?
They can lead to traits like
tallness
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What is a key idea about mutations and phenotypes?
Very rarely can lead to a
new
phenotype
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How can a new phenotype be beneficial?
If the
environment
changes
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What happened to wild rabbits in the UK in the 1950s?
A
mutation
made them resistant to a virus
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What is the significance of the mutation in the rabbit population?
It led to a new beneficial
phenotype
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Where can you find questions on variation for revision?
In the
revision workbook
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What are the causes of variation in a population?
Genetic causes (
inherited
alleles
)
Environmental
causes (e.g.,
soil pH
)
Combined
causes (e.g.,
height
influenced
by diet)
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What is the role of mutations in genetic variation?
Random changes to
DNA
Most mutations have no effect
Some mutations can influence
phenotype
Rarely, mutations can lead to new phenotypes
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What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?
What's meant by
evolution
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How does evolution take place according to the video?
Through
natural selection
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How many different species of animals and plants are estimated to exist on Earth?
Nearly
9 million
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What percentage of species that have ever lived on Earth are currently alive?
One percent
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How long ago did life first develop on Earth?
More than
3 billion
years ago
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What were the first life-forms on Earth described as?
Very simple, such as
single cells
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What is the process called where all species of living things have evolved from simple life forms?
Evolution by natural selection
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What advantage do rabbits with thicker fur have in a colder environment?
They are more likely to
survive
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What happens to the alleles for thicker fur over many generations?
They become more common in the
population
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How does the introduction of a predator affect the rabbit population?
Rabbits
with better
eyesight
or hearing survive
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What is the definition of evolution provided in the video?
Change in
inherited
characteristics
over time
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What occurs when two populations of one species become so different?
They can no longer
interbreed
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Why can't pygmy rabbits breed successfully with normal-sized rabbits?
They are too different in
phenotype
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What is the process of natural selection?
Genetic variation
exists within a population
Environmental changes favor certain traits
Individuals with
advantageous traits
survive and reproduce
Beneficial traits
are passed to offspring
Over
generations
, these traits become more common
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What are the implications of speciation?
Two populations can no longer
interbreed
They evolve into
distinct species
Genetic divergence
occurs over time
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What is another term for selective breeding?
Artificial selection
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What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?
Selective breeding
and its impacts
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What is one impact of selective breeding on food plants?
It affects
domesticated animals
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What is a disadvantage of selective breeding?
It can lead to
inbreeding
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What type of animals are wolves?
Wild animals
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How did humans utilize wolves thousands of years ago?
For
protection
and
companionship
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What process did humans use to produce dogs from wolves?
Selective breeding
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What is the first step in selective breeding for large cows?
Select
a
mixed
population
of
cows
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What do we do after selecting the largest male and female cows?
Breed
them
together
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