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DNA structure & Replication
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Laila Worton
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Cards (23)
What does DNA stand for?
De-oxy
ribo
nucleic
acid
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Where is DNA found in eukaryotic cells?
Within the
nucleus
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Where is DNA located in prokaryotic cells?
In the
cytoplasm
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Why is DNA considered an important molecule?
It carries
genetic
information
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What type of information does DNA store?
Genetic information for
proteins
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How is DNA organized in eukaryotic cells?
Into
chromosomes
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What is a chromosome made of?
Protein
and a single
DNA
molecule
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When do chromosomes become visible in cells?
When cells are
dividing
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What is chromatin?
Partially coiled DNA not
visible
under microscope
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What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA?
Eukaryotic DNA:
Has a
nucleus
Linear DNA
Larger DNA
Prokaryotic DNA:
Doesn't have a nucleus
Circular DNA
Shorter DNA
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What type of DNA do mitochondria and chloroplasts contain?
Shorter
,
circular
DNA
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What are the components of a nucleotide?
Phosphate group
,
deoxyribose sugar
,
nitrogen base
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What type of structure does a DNA molecule have?
Double helix structure
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What type of bond forms the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?
Phosphodiester bond
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What is the significance of complementary base pairing in DNA?
Ensures
accurate
DNA replication
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What elements are found in DNA?
C
,
H
,
O
, N,
P
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How does DNA structure relate to its function?
Double
stranded: Stable molecule, unchanged sequence
Helix/coiled:
Compact
for fitting in nucleus
Long molecules: Stores lots of
genetic
information
Complementary
base pairing: Accurate replication
Many
hydrogen
bonds: Stability
Weak
individual bonds: Allows replication and transcription
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What is semi-conservative replication of DNA?
Each new DNA keeps one
original
strand
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What are the stages of semi-conservative replication of DNA?
Parent DNA
strands separate
New strands made using
templates
New DNA molecules
identical
to parent
Ensures
genetic continuity
in daughter cells
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What enzyme unwinds DNA during replication?
DNA
helicase
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What does DNA polymerase do during replication?
Joins
sugar-phosphate
backbones of new strands
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In which direction can DNA polymerase move along a strand?
Only in
one
direction
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What evidence supports semi-conservative replication of DNA?
Bacteria cultured in
¹⁵N
medium
DNA
extracted
and centrifuged
Transferred to
¹⁴N
medium for division
DNA extracted and centrifuged again
Allowed another division in ¹⁴N medium
DNA extracted and
centrifuged
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