Forgetting-Inference

• What are the two types of interference in forgetting?

  Proactive and retroactive interference
• What is proactive interference?

  Old memory disrupts new information
• What is retroactive interference?

  New memory disrupts old information
• How does proactive interference affect memory recall?

  It disrupts the recall of new information
• How does retroactive interference affect memory recall?

  It disrupts the recall of old information
• What is the definition of forgetting?

  Failure to retrieve memories from long-term store
• What does interference theory explain?

  Forgetting occurs when memories compete
• What happens when information is similar in interference theory?

  It increases the likelihood of forgetting
• What is the effect of gaps between learning instances?

  Less likely to experience interference
• What did McGeoch and McDonald study?

  Effects of similarity on retroactive interference
• What did McGeoch and McDonald find about similar materials?

  Most similar material produced worst recall
• What is a strength of interference theory?

  Consistent supporting research from studies
• How can interference theory be applied in advertising?

  Reduce interference by multiple exposures
• What is a limitation of interference theory?

  Research often comes from artificial experiments
• What did Ceraso find about memory testing?

  Recognition shows spontaneous recovery over time
• What are the features of long-term memory?

  • Episodic memory
  • Semantic memory
  • Procedural memory
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of interference theory?

  Strengths:

  • Consistent research support
  • Practical applications in advertising

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Artificiality of laboratory studies
  • Temporary effects of interference
• What is the definition of interference in memory?

  • Interference occurs when one memory competes with another
  • Can lead to forgetting or distortion of memories
• What is the difference between proactive and retroactive interference?

  • Proactive: Old memories disrupt new ones
  • Retroactive: New memories disrupt old ones
• What is the significance of gaps between learning instances?

  • Gaps reduce the likelihood of interference
  • More time between learning helps memory retention
• What is the role of similarity in interference theory?

  • Similar information increases the likelihood of forgetting
  • Greater similarity leads to worse recall
• What is the importance of McGeoch and McDonald's study?

  • Demonstrated effects of similarity on retroactive interference
  • Showed that similar materials lead to worse recall
• What is the impact of advertising on memory recall?

  • Competing ads can impair recall and recognition
  • Multiple exposures can enhance memory trace
• What does the exemplar A01 paragraph outline about interference?

  • Interference causes confusion between memories
  • Two types: proactive and retroactive interference
• What are the key components to evaluate interference as an explanation for forgetting?

  • Outline interference and its types
  • Discuss research support and practical applications
  • Address artificiality and temporary effects