Issues and Debates

• What is the purpose of the issues and debates revision video?

  To summarize key points quickly
• What should a student do if they don't understand the content in the video?

  Refer to the long videos for explanations
• What platforms is the psych boost app available on?

  iOS and Android
• What does the psych boost app test?

  Knowledge of all topics in psychology
• What is the focus of the content discussed in the video?

  Gender and culture bias in psychology
• What is bias in psychology?

  Influence of pre-existing beliefs on research
• What does the term 'universality' refer to in psychology?

  Behaviors applying to all humans
• What happens if a hypothesis is not tested on a diverse sample?

  It may not be generalizable
• What is gender bias in research?

  Stereotypical views affecting theoretical assumptions
• What is alpha bias?

  Overemphasis on differences between genders
• What is beta bias?

  Minimizing actual behavioral differences
• What does androcentrism refer to?

  Male-centric view in psychology
• What is cultural bias in psychology?

  Judging behavior based on cultural norms
• What is ethnocentrism?

  Belief in the superiority of one's culture
• What is cultural relativism?

  Understanding behavior within cultural context
• What did Henrik (2010) argue about psychological findings?

  They are culture biased if based on WEIRD samples
• What does WEIRD stand for in psychological research?

  Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic
• What is one way to reduce WEIRD bias in psychology?

  Use diverse samples in research
• How can bias in psychology be reduced?

  Encourage diversity among researchers
• What is indigenous psychology?

  Research by individuals native to a culture
• What is a reflexive approach in research?

  Researchers reflect on their biases and values
• How can reporting bias be reduced?

  State limitations of findings clearly
• What is determinism in psychology?

  Behavior is determined by external forces
• What is hard determinism?

  Behavior is set by forces outside control
• What is soft determinism?

  Behavior is influenced but allows for free will
• How does cognitive psychology view free will?

  Individuals consciously decide their behavior
• What does biological determinism suggest?

  Behavior is set by genetics and biology
• What is environmental determinism?

  Behavior shaped by experiences and environment
• What is psychic determinism?

  Innate drives shape behavior through experiences
• What does the free will perspective argue?

  People feel they can choose their actions
• What is the implication of a deterministic view?

  Predicting behavior can lead to interventions
• What is holism in psychology?

  Studying the whole person and interactions
• What is reductionism?

  Breaking down complex phenomena into parts
• What is biological reductionism?

  Reducing behavior to biological elements
• What is environmental stimulus-response reductionism?

  Explaining behavior through stimulus-response mechanisms
• What is the holistic approach in psychology?

  Includes all factors influencing behavior
• What are levels of explanation in psychology?

  Varying levels from basic to holistic explanations
• What is the idiographic approach?

  Focuses on individual experiences and uniqueness
• What is the nomothetic approach?

  Generates laws based on large samples
• What is the significance of qualitative data?

  Provides rich, detailed descriptions of behavior