cultural variations in attachment

• Who are the Psychologists in this study

  Van ijzendoorn and kroonenberg
• what is a collectivist

  these value cooperation; all working towards the family/ group goals e.g japan
• what is an individualistic

  value independence with each working to their own individual goals.
• what was the aim of this study

  wanted to understand how the 3 main attachment types were applied?
• what were the two questions within the aim of this today

  are there any inter-cultural differences and are there any intra-cultural differences
• what was the procedure of this study

  it was a meta analysis with 32 studies and 2000 children in 8 countries
• what are the findings of this study?

  Germany had a large number of 35% being insecure avoidants.

  Japan and Israel had a karate number of 29% and 27% being insecure resistants.

  USA was used as a baseline to compare.
• who was Jin et al within this study

  another cultural variation study
• What were Jin et al’s sample

  87 children using the strange situation
• what were the findings of jin et al study

  Most insecure resistant and only 1 avoidant
• What was the sample of Takahashi study

  60 lots of one—year-olds from middle-class Japanese families being observed in the strange situation.
• What were the findings of Takahashi study

  32% had insecure resistant attachment types and 68% were securely attached
• What was the conclusion of these studies

  There are cross cultural differences in raising children producing different reactions to the strange situation.
• What is one weakness of cultural variation

  It is unethical because research had to be stopped so lots of distress was cause when they were left alone, this can cause psychological harm to infants.
• What is another weakness of cultural variations in attachments

  It is biased, this is due to the data being very aimed towards American norms we can see this as 18 out of 32 were American participants therefore this can’t be generalised to the world.
• What is another weakness of cultural variations in attachments

  It highlights how it’s inappropriate to use the strange situation to access attachment types, This is due to the fact that it doesn’t have the same meaning for all cultures therefore it is ethnocentric. therefore it may not be valid due to different child-rearing practices.
• What is the only strength of cultural variations in attachments

  there is research to support. we can use jin and Takahashi‘s study to support, The research showed 32% were insecure resistant attachment types and 68% were secure attachment types, therefore this shows there are cross cultural differences