Organization and Structure of Data

• What is the base of the denary number system?

  Base 10
• What digits are used in the binary number system?

  0 and 1
• What is the hexadecimal number system's base?

  Base 16
• Why is hexadecimal notation used?

  To avoid errors in binary representation
• What is the conversion process between denary, binary, and hexadecimal?

  • Hexadecimal to Binary
  • Binary to Denary
  • Denary to Hexadecimal
• What does an arithmetic shift left do to a binary number?

  Doubles the value
• What does an arithmetic shift right do to a binary number?

  Halves the value
• What happens during binary addition when overflow occurs?

  The leftmost bit cannot be stored
• What is a pixel?

  A small coloured dot on a display
• What is a bitmap?

  An array of pixels
• What is a vector image?

  Instructions for drawing shapes
• What does sample rate refer to?

  Audio samples captured per second
• What is bit depth?

  Bits available for each audio clip
• What is bit rate?

  Bits used per second of audio
• How is a black and white bitmap image stored?

  1 for black pixel, 0 for white
• What does a colour bitmap image represent?

  RGB values for each pixel's colour
• What is the relationship between colour depth and available colours?

  • 1 bit: 2 colours
  • 2 bits: 4 colours
  • 3 bits: 8 colours
  • 8 bits: 256 colours
  • 16 bits: 65,536 colours
  • 24 bits: 16.7 million colours
  • 32 bits: 4.3 billion colours
• What is the process called that converts sound into a digital signal?

  Sampling
• What happens to file size with a higher sampling rate?

  File size increases
• What is a character in computing?

  A letter, digit, or symbol
• What is a character set?

  A table mapping characters to binary
• What is a record in data structure?

  Related data of different types
• What is a primary key?

  A unique identifier for records
• What is an array?

  A fixed number of same data type
• How are characters stored in a computer system?

  As binary numbers using character sets
• What are the different data types in computing?

  • Integer: Whole numbers
  • Real: Numbers with fractions
  • Boolean: True or false
  • Character: Single symbols
  • String: Sequence of characters
• What is a one-dimensional array?

  A fixed number of elements indexed by one number
• How do you access an element in an array?

  Using its index
• What does traversing an array mean?

  Printing the contents of the array
• How do you insert data into an array?

  Assign value to a specific index
• How do you delete data from an array?

  Set the index to an empty value
• How can arrays be searched?

  Using index or stored value
• What is data validation?

  Ensures data entered is reasonable
• What is data verification?

  Ensures data entered is consistent
• What are the types of data validation checks?

  • Presence checks
  • Format checks
  • Length checks
  • Type checks
  • Range checks
• What is a presence check?

  Checks if a required field is blank
• What is a format check?

  Ensures data matches a specific pattern
• What is a length check?

  Ensures input data is a sensible length
• What is a type check?

  Ensures input data is a specific type
• What is a range check?

  Ensures input data lies within a specified range