animal studies

• Lorenz A01

  • goose eggs were randomly selected
  • half when hatched had the mothers present while the other half had Lorenz present
  • Lorenz found that the baby geese "imprinted" on the first living object they came into contact with. Lorenz identified that there was a critical period of 18hrs after they hatched. If they didn't imprint, they would never have a healthy attachment.
• A03 of Lorenz - Guiton

  Showed that chicks imprinted on the first moving object that they saw which was the rubber glove that was used to feed the chicks.

  It was found that with time, this could change as they learnt to mate with other chicks instead of the glove. this means that effects of imprinting could be reversed
• A03 of Lorenz - animals and humans

  animals are not the same as humans. Humans are much more complex and have a larger emotional range. this means that any results must be used with caution.

  birds however, do demonstrate emotional attachment
• Harlow and Harlow A01

  in a controlled environment, baby monkeys reared with 2 mother surrogates. one mother gave comfort and the other gave food.

  findings - the baby monkeys spent 18hrs with the comfort mother and 1hr with the food mother. when frightened, they ran to the comfort mother suggesting that comfort is more important.
• A03 of HandH - no standardisation

  the study is not standardised. the heads of the monkeys were completely different. this lack of standardisation decreases validity. the comfort monkey was also much more realistic.