AC 1.3

• What do models of justice refer to in criminology?

  Beliefs and frameworks guiding criminal justice
• What is the primary goal of models of justice?

  To optimally deter, manage, and resolve crime
• Who outlined two key models of justice?

  Herbert Packer
• What are the two key models of justice proposed by Packer?

  The Crime Control Model and the Due Process Model
• What does Packer's framework illustrate about the criminal justice system?

  The tension between efficiency and individual rights
• What does the Crime Control Model prioritize?

  Security and public safety
• What does the Due Process Model ensure?

  Protection of individual liberties
• What does Left Realism explore in relation to crime?

  Relative deprivation and social exclusion
• What does Right Realism attribute crime to?

  Biological factors and rational choice
• How does Marxism view crime?

  As a product of capitalism and inequality
• What did Cesare Lombroso argue about crime?

  It is biologically determined
• What is the significance of the Colin Stagg case?

  Example of wrongful conviction due to efficiency
• What was the outcome of the Stephen Lawrence case?

  Exposed institutional racism in police
• What triggered the London Riots of 2011?

  The police shooting of Mark Duggan
• How did the Crime Control Model influence the response to the London Riots?

  Through swift and decisive police action
• What is the primary focus of the Crime Control Model?

  Efficient suppression of criminal behavior
• What does the presumption of guilt imply in the Crime Control Model?

  Assumes arrested individuals are likely guilty
• How does the Crime Control Model view police powers?

  As trustworthy and effective in reducing crime
• What are the strengths of the Crime Control Model?

  Focus on public safety and efficiency
• What is a limitation of the Crime Control Model?

  Risk of wrongful convictions due to efficiency
• What is the purpose of stop and search powers?

  To detect weapons and drugs preemptively
• How does electronic surveillance aid law enforcement?

  By gathering evidence discreetly against crime
• What do custodial sentences aim to achieve?

  Incapacitate offenders and deter crime
• What are Anti-Social Behaviour Orders (ASBOs)?

  Orders restricting activities of offenders
• How does Right Realism relate to the Crime Control Model?

  Both emphasize strict social control and deterrence
• What does Lombroso's theory of criminal atavism suggest?

  Criminals have physical traits distinguishing them
• How does the Crime Control Model apply to Lombroso's theory?

  Supports incapacitation of "born criminals"
• What does the case of Colin Stagg illustrate about the Crime Control Model?

  Efficiency can lead to wrongful convictions
• What was the police response during the London Riots?

  Swift and aggressive to restore order
• What does the Due Process Model prioritize?

  Individual rights and procedural safeguards
• What are the key principles of the Crime Control Model?

  • Crime Reduction: Stopping and preventing crime is paramount.
  • Presumption of Guilt: Assumes arrested individuals are likely guilty.
  • Efficiency: Processes cases quickly to minimize delays.
  • Deterrence and Incapacitation: Swift punishment deters crime.
  • Increasing Police Powers: Assumes police are effective and trustworthy.
  • Rights of the Victims: Focuses on upholding victims' rights.
• What are the strengths and limitations of the Crime Control Model?

  Strengths:

  • Focus on Public Safety
  • Efficiency in processing cases
  • Deterrence through swift punishment

  
  

  Limitations:

  • Risk of wrongful convictions
  • Over-reliance on punishment
  • Loss of individual rights
  • Institutional bias
• How does Right Realism connect to the Crime Control Model?

  • Biological Factors: Supports punitive approaches.
  • Inadequate Socialisation: Advocates for efficient policing.
  • Rational Choice: Emphasizes deterrence through severe penalties.
  • Zero-Tolerance Policies: Aligns with efficiency and deterrence.
• How does Lombroso's theory relate to the Crime Control Model?

  • Presumption of Guilt: Identifies "born criminals" through traits.
  • Incapacitation: Supports detaining inherently criminal individuals.
• What are the implications of the London Riots for the Crime Control Model?

  • Swift and Decisive Action: Police response to restore order.
  • Zero-Tolerance Policies: Rapid suppression of criminal activity.
  • Mass Arrests: Incapacitation of offenders to reduce threats.
  • Harsh Sentencing: Deterrence through severe consequences.
• What are the key features of the Due Process Model?

  • Emphasizes individual rights
  • Ensures procedural safeguards
  • Protects the accused from abuses
• What was the purpose of the large-scale arrests during the riots?

  To remove offenders from society quickly
• How does the Crime Control Model view incapacitation?

  As a means to reduce immediate threats
• What does harsh sentencing aim to achieve according to the Crime Control Model?

  To deter future crime through swift punishments
• Who developed the Due Process Model of justice?

  Herbert Packer