training and development

• methods of training

  induction training, apprenticeships, graduate training schemes, corporate training schemes, work based qualifications, continuing professional development
• induction training

  offered to new employees when they join an organisation, includes a tour, health and safety information, specific training for skills, company policies, introduction to colleagues
• advantages of induction training

  employees will quickly settle in, be more aware of health and safety issues, understand who the main personnel are
• disadvantages of induction training

  time consuming
• apprenticeship

  paid training that combines learning practical skills with theoretical knowledge
• advantages of apprenticeship

  professional qualifications gained, training tailored to suit firm's needs and job role, less costly as training occurs during the job
• disadvantages of apprenticeship

  high degree of supervision, mistakes made, wage paid, no job security
• graduate training schemes

  programs offered by companies to people who have recently gained a degree qualification from university
• advantages of graduate training schemes

  gives graduates benefit of a working environment, required skills to work permanently at the organisation gained, different departments can be experienced, wide range of skills learnt, organisation can decide whether to employ them at the end
• disadvantages of graduate training schemes

  no guarantee of job at the end, time consuming for training during the job, graduate might leave when training is done
• corporate training schemes

  offered by organisations to employees within the company
• advantages of corporate training schemes

  standard of work improved, increased motivation
• disadvantages of corporate training schemes

  time consuming, costly to provide training and wage rises
• work based qualifications

  formal qualifications gained while working
• advantages of work based qualifications

  training is tailored to suit the firm's needs, low transport costs as it occurs at work, employees gain recognised qualification, standard of work improved, increased chance of promotion or wage rise
• disadvantages of work based qualifications

  time consuming, employee may quit once they receive training, costly
• continuing professional development (CPD)

  training that takes place through a career to ensure employees stay up to date with knowledge and skills required to do a job or advance in their career
• CPD examples

  online training, conferences, events, workshops, meetings
• advantages of CPD

  improves skills of staff, motivates staff, ensures company is up to date with mandatory training
• disadvantages of CPD

  may be taking employees away from their work, costly
• on the job training

  training that is undertaken in your place of work
• methods of on the job training

  coaching, role play, job rotation, shadowing, demonstration
• coaching

  experienced member of staff supports the employee through by passing on their knowledge and skills
• role play

  acting out a scenario to see how an employee would perform under certain conditions
• job rotation

  staff rotated or moved through different jobs within the organisation so they acquire a range of skills
• shadowing

  employee observes another employee working to gain a better understanding of how they do their job
• demonstration

  employee watches a task being carried out and then attempts the task themselves
• advantages of on the job training

  training is tailored to firm's needs, work is uninterrupted by travelling elsewhere, cheaper as it is free, employees will feel at more ease
• disadvantages of on the job training

  quality may not be as good, bad habits may be picked up, concentration may be poor due to work interuptions
• off the job training

  training that occurs outside the place of work
• advantages of off the job training

  higher quality training by experts, high levels of concentration as there are no work interruptions
• disadvantages of off the job training

  expensive, decreased productivity, employees may learn irrelevant skills
• appraisals

  yearly performance review between an employee and line manager
• advantages of appraisals

  motivate employees as employers can praise good work or improved performance, training needs can be identified leading to higher standard of work, targets set leading to increased motivation, good practice identified and shared, improved relationships, opportunity for wage increases and promotions
• disadvantages of appraisals

  time consuming, negative appraisals lead to demotivated staff, employees feel pressured during appraisals and take on too many development tasks