prokaryotic cells

• What is the focus of this video by Miss Estrich?

  Prokaryotic cells for A-level biology
• What is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles
• What are the main structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotic cells are smaller
  • No membrane-bound organelles
  • Smaller ribosomes (70s)
  • No nucleus
  • Cell wall made of murine
  • May contain plasmids, capsules, and flagella
• What is the size comparison of prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotic cells are much smaller
• What type of organelles do prokaryotic cells lack?

  Membrane-bound organelles
• What type of ribosomes do prokaryotic cells have?

  70s ribosomes
• What are ribosomes made of in prokaryotic cells?

  Proteins and rRNA
• How do the ribosomes in eukaryotic cells differ from those in prokaryotic cells?

  Eukaryotic cells have 80s ribosomes
• Where are 70s ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells?

  In mitochondria and chloroplasts
• What is the structure of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells?

  Nuclear envelope with pores and nucleoplasm
• What type of DNA do prokaryotic cells have?

  Circular DNA
• What is the composition of the cell wall in prokaryotic cells?

  Made of murine
• What do plant and fungal cell walls contain?

  Cellulose and chitin, respectively
• What is a plasmid?

  A small loop of additional DNA
• What is the function of plasmids in bacteria?

  Carry antibiotic resistance genes
• What is the function of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?

  Prevents desiccation and hides antigens
• What is the structure of the flagellum in prokaryotic cells?

  Rotates at the base like a motor
• How do flagella help bacteria?

  They propel the bacteria to swim
• What are the additional structures found in some prokaryotic cells?

  • Plasmids
  • Capsules
  • Flagella
• What are the functions of the capsule in prokaryotic cells?

  • Prevents desiccation
  • Hides antigens from the immune system
• What are the differences in cell wall composition between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotic: Murine
  • Eukaryotic: Cellulose (plants), Chitin (fungi)
• How do prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes differ in size and composition?

  • Prokaryotic: 70s ribosomes, smaller
  • Eukaryotic: 80s ribosomes, larger
• What are the key differences in the nucleus between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Prokaryotic: No nucleus, circular DNA
  • Eukaryotic: Nucleus present, linear DNA with histones
• What is the significance of ribosomes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  • Essential for protein synthesis
  • Differences in size and location