cell cycle

• Who is the presenter of the biology video?

  Miss Estri
• What main topic is discussed in the video?

  The cell cycle and mitosis
• What is the alternative to mitosis mentioned?

  Meiosis
• How do prokaryotic cells replicate?

  By binary fission
• How do viruses replicate?

  Inside host cells by injecting nucleic acid
• What are the stages of the cell cycle?

  • Interphase (G1, S, G2)
  • Nuclear division (mitosis or meiosis)
  • Cytokinesis
• What percentage of the cell cycle is interphase?

  About 90% or longer
• What happens during the G1 phase?

  Organelles double and cell grows
• What occurs during the S phase?

  DNA replication happens
• What is the purpose of the G2 phase?

  Final growth and error checking
• What are the four key stages of mitosis?

  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
• What happens if a mutation is detected in G2?

  The cell is destroyed to prevent harm
• How many rounds of division occur in mitosis?

  One round of division
• What type of cells are produced by mitosis?

  Genetically identical diploid cells
• What does the acronym PMAT stand for?

  Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
• What happens to chromosomes during prophase?

  They condense and become visible
• What occurs to the nuclear envelope during prophase?

  It starts to disintegrate
• What happens during metaphase?

  Chromosomes align along the equator
• What do spindle fibers attach to during metaphase?

  Chromatids and centromeres
• What occurs during anaphase?

  Chromatids are pulled to opposite poles
• What energy molecule is required during anaphase?

  ATP
• What happens to chromosomes during telophase?

  They become longer and thinner
• What is cytokinesis?

  Splitting of the cytoplasm
• What is the mitotic index?

  Ratio of cells in mitosis to total cells
• How do you calculate the mitotic index?

  Divide cells in mitosis by total cells
• What might an exam question specify regarding cells?

  Look at only complete cells
• What are the key behaviors of chromosomes during mitosis?

  • Condensation in prophase
  • Alignment in metaphase
  • Separation in anaphase
  • Decondensation in telophase