active transport

• What is active transport?

  Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport requires energy, diffusion does not
• What analogy is used to describe diffusion?

  Water flowing downhill
• What is the energy source for active transport?

  Energy from cellular respiration
• Where does cellular respiration mainly occur?

  In the mitochondria
• What molecules store energy for the cell?

  ATP molecules
• What is the definition of active transport?

  Movement of molecules from lower to higher concentration
• Why do plants need to absorb water and mineral ions?

  To survive and grow
• What are root hair cells adapted for?

  Absorbing water and mineral ions
• How do root hair cells increase their absorption efficiency?

  By having a large surface area
• Why can't plants absorb certain minerals by diffusion?

  Minerals are at higher concentration inside the cell
• What is a key adaptation of root hair cells related to energy?

  Having lots of mitochondria
• What is the process of active transport in root hair cells?

  • Absorption of water and minerals
  • Movement against concentration gradient
  • Requires energy from cellular respiration
  • Involves special proteins in the membrane
• What are the adaptations of root hair cells for their function?

  • Long hair-like protrusions for large surface area
  • Numerous mitochondria for energy supply
• What is the role of ATP in active transport?

  • Acts as an energy carrier
  • Supplies energy for moving molecules