cell division

• What is cell division?

  A biological process where a cell splits
• What is the purpose of using blocks in the analogy of cell division?

  To illustrate building and repairing
• What are the key events that occur during each stage of mitosis?

  • Interphase: Cell growth, DNA replication
  • Prophase: Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down
  • Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the equator
  • Anaphase: Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
  • Telophase: Nuclear envelope reforms, chromosomes decondense
• How does cell division help our bodies?

  It helps fix and create new things
• What happens to a cell when it gets too big?

  It splits into two smaller cells
• What is cell division compared to in the study material?

  A cookie cutter
• What do the new cells created through division represent?

  Building blocks for the body
• How does the analogy of building blocks relate to cell division?

  Cells are like blocks used to build structures
• How is cell division classified in biological processes?

  It is a biological process
• What are the two main processes of cell division?

  Mitosis and meiosis
• How does the genetic variation differ between the daughter cells produced by mitosis versus meiosis?

  • Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid daughter cells
  • Meiosis produces genetically unique haploid daughter cells with half the original chromosome number
• How many stages are there in total in the process of mitosis?

  4
• What is a key feature of the daughter cells produced by meiosis?

  Increased genetic variation
• What are the key similarities between mitosis and meiosis?

  • Both have similar basic steps
  • Both start with a single parent cell
  • Both produce new cells
• How does genetic variation change during mitosis?

  Genetic variation doesn't change
• What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis?

  • Mitosis has 4 stages, meiosis has 8 stages
  • Mitosis occurs in somatic cells, meiosis occurs in germ cells
  • Mitosis is for cellular proliferation, meiosis is for sexual reproduction
  • Mitosis produces 2 diploid daughter cells, meiosis produces 4 haploid daughter cells
  • Chromosome number remains the same in mitosis, is halved in each daughter cell in meiosis
  • Genetic variation doesn't change in mitosis, but increases in meiosis
• What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?

  It halves
• In which type of cells does mitosis occur?

  Somatic cells
• What is the purpose of mitosis?

  Cellular proliferation
• What is the first stage of mitosis called?

  Interphase
• What happens to the chromosome number during mitosis?

  Chromosome number remains the same
• How many diploid daughter cells are produced during mitosis?

  2
• What is the third stage of mitosis called?

  Metaphase
• What is the chromosome number in daughter cells produced by mitosis?

  Same as the parent cell
• What is the fourth stage of mitosis called?

  Anaphase
• When would a cell undergo mitosis versus meiosis?

  • Mitosis occurs in somatic cells for growth, repair, and replacement
  • Meiosis occurs in germ cells (sperm and egg) for sexual reproduction to create genetic diversity
• What type of daughter cells does mitosis produce?

  2 diploid daughter cells
• What is the second stage of mitosis called?

  Prophase
• What type of daughter cells does meiosis produce?

  Haploid daughter cells
• What occurs during interphase of mitosis?

  The cell grows and DNA replicates
• How does the cookie cutter analogy relate to mitosis and meiosis?

  • Mitosis: identical cookies (same flavor)
  • Meiosis: unique cookies (different flavors)
• What happens to the nucleus during prophase?

  The nucleus membrane breaks down
• Where do chromosomes line up during metaphase?

  At the center
• What occurs during anaphase of mitosis?

  Sister chromatids separate
• What happens during telophase?

  New nuclei form and the cell splits
• How does the process of mitosis ensure that the daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell?

  • During interphase, the DNA is replicated so each chromosome has two identical sister chromatids
  • In metaphase, the chromosomes align at the equator of the cell
  • In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles
  • This ensures each daughter cell receives a complete set of chromosomes identical to the parent cell
• What happens to chromosomes during prophase?

  Chromosomes condense
• What is the name of the cell that undergoes meiosis?

  Oocyte
• What is the overall purpose of mitosis?

  • Somatic cell division
  • Produces identical daughter cells
• What is the final product of meiosis II?

  Zygote