Explanation

• What does the behavioural approach focus on regarding phobias?

  Observable behaviour
• Who proposed the two-process model of phobias?

  Hobart Mowrer
• What does the two-process model state about phobias?

  They are acquired by classical conditioning
• What is the role of operant conditioning in the two-process model?

  It maintains phobias over time
• What is a neutral stimulus (NS) in classical conditioning?

  Something initially without fear
• What is an unconditioned stimulus (UCS)?

  Something that triggers a fear response
• What was Little Albert's initial reaction to the white rat?

  He tried to play with it
• Why do phobias tend to be long-lasting according to Mowrer?

  Due to operant conditioning
• What is negative reinforcement in the context of phobias?

  Avoiding an unpleasant situation
• How does avoidance behaviour reinforce phobias?

  It reduces fear and anxiety
• What implication does the two-process model have for therapies?

  Patients need exposure to feared stimuli
• What is a limitation of the two-process model regarding phobias?

  Not everyone develops phobias after trauma
• What does the diathesis-stress model propose?

  Genetic vulnerability triggers disorders
• What are the key components of the two-process model of phobias?

  • Acquisition by classical conditioning
  • Maintenance by operant conditioning
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of the two-process model?

  Strengths:

  • Explains phobia maintenance
  • Important for therapy implications

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Not all trauma leads to phobias
  • Ignores cognitive aspects