Chp 9 Chem

• What is the main topic of C9 in the Chemistry Student Book?

  Crude oil and fuels
• What should you know after studying C9.3?

  Products of hydrocarbon fuel combustion
• What are the products formed during complete combustion of hydrocarbons?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• Why are center recessor gas burners designed as they are?

  To ensure complete combustion occurs
• How do some combustion products contribute to acid rain?

  They release pollutants that form acids
• What happens during incomplete combustion?

  Produces carbon monoxide, soot, and water
• What is the significance of the ratio of air to fuel in combustion?

  It determines whether combustion is complete or incomplete
• How does the branching of alkanes affect combustion?

  More branching requires more oxygen for combustion
• What is the role of diffusion of oxygen in combustion?

  It is crucial for the combustion process
• What is the limewater test used for?

  To show the presence of carbon dioxide
• What is produced when fossil fuels burn in plenty of air?

  Carbon dioxide and water
• Why is carbon monoxide dangerous?

  It is poisonous and colorless
• How does incomplete combustion occur?

  When there is not enough oxygen available
• What is the boiling point of methane?

  -162°C
• What is the boiling point of propane?

  -42°C
• What does fractional distillation do?

  Separates crude oil into different fractions
• How does the size of hydrocarbon molecules affect their properties?

  It affects boiling point, viscosity, and flammability
• What is the general formula for alkanes?

  C$n$H$2n+$$2$
• What is the formula for pentane?

  C$5H₁₂$
• What is the formula for propane?

  C$3H₈$
• What happens to hydrocarbons with larger molecules?

  They have higher boiling points and are less flammable
• What are the properties of hydrocarbons affected by their chain length?

  • Boiling point
  • Viscosity
  • Flammability
• Describe the process of fractional distillation of crude oil.

  1. Crude oil is heated.
  2. Vapors rise in a column.
  3. Fractions condense at different heights.
  4. Each fraction has a narrow range of carbon atoms.
• What are the key points regarding the properties of fractions from crude oil?

  • Longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points.
  • Higher viscosity and lower flammability.
  • Less flammable fractions leave soot when burnt.
• What is the boiling point of butane?

  -1°C
• What is the boiling point of hexane?

  69°C
• What is the function of a catalytic converter?

  To reduce harmful emissions from engines
• How does the boiling point of hydrocarbons relate to their molecular size?

  Larger molecules have higher boiling points
• What is the boiling point of ethane?

  -89°C
• What is the boiling point of methane?

  -162°C
• What happens to the boiling points of hydrocarbons as the number of carbon atoms increases?

  Boiling points generally increase with more carbon atoms
• What is the relationship between viscosity and molecular size in hydrocarbons?

  Larger molecules tend to be more viscous
• How does flammability change with the size of hydrocarbons?

  Smaller hydrocarbons are generally more flammable
• What is the boiling point of pentane?

  36°C
• What is the significance of the boiling point in the fractional distillation process?

  It determines the separation of fractions
• How do the properties of hydrocarbons affect their uses?

  Different properties make them suitable for various applications
• What is the boiling point of butane?

  -1°C
• What is the boiling point of propane?

  -42°C
• What is the relationship between the size of hydrocarbons and their flammability?

  Smaller hydrocarbons are more flammable
• How does the boiling point of hydrocarbons affect their viscosity?

  Higher boiling points correlate with higher viscosity