Gender + Deviant Youth Subcultures

• Youth crime is male. Evidence?

  • 2017/18 - F = __% of youth pop. BUT _% youths in custody 


  49% - 4%
• What is the peak age for FEMALE offending?


  15
• What is the peak age for MALE offending?


  18
• How do offending rates vary according to gender?


  F - drops after teens (‘growing out of it’)

  M - only declines far into 20s
• Who said that young men choose to join deviant subs to accomplish + prove their masculinity?


  Messerschmidt
• Who said that young men choose to join deviant subs to protect their masculinity which is at threat due to a decline in trad. WC industries?

  Faludi
• Who said that young men choose to join deviant subs as a response to 1. Globalisation + 2. Crisis of masculinity?

  Campbell
• What did Cohen say was the reason behind young men joining deviant subcultures?

  Means of gaining status
• Why did Cloward & Ohlin say young men joined deviant subcultures?

  To achieve societal goals
• According to Miller, why do young men join deviant subcultures?


  It reflects their WC values
• According to Harding, why do young men choose to join deviant subcultures?

  To gain street capital
• Who said that young W are less likely to join deviant subs bc they experience greater social control in all the spheres? (HINT: H…)

  Heidensohn
• Why did Lees say that young W are less likely to join deviant subs?

  They experience a greater risk of social stigma + labelling
• Who came up with ‘double deviance’?

  Heidensohn
• What is meant by ‘double deviance’?

  Girls aren’t deviant bc as well as breaking the law, they distort their feminist UNLIKE males who express masculinity THROUGH deviance
• Which sociologist said that parents control their daughter’s movements more? (HINT: brainy)

  Smart
• Pearce & Pitts estimated that __,___ young females are involved with gangs.

  12,500
• The Centre for Social Justice identified some of the roles taken up by Fs in gangs. What are they?


  • gangster girls
  • Wifeys/GFs
  • Baby-mothers
  • Fixers
  • Links
• According to the CSJ (2014), how do gangs often control girls?


  Rape + s. exploitation
• What are 2 explanations for the increase in female delinquency?

  1. Genderquake
  2. Emergence of ladette culture
• Briefly describe ladette culture:


  • Young women in ‘90s exhibiting masc. behaviour e.g. drinking, smoking + casual sex
  • Response to trad. gender roles > shift in the social expectations of femininity