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A Level Bio - Mass transport in plants
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Cards (114)
What is the specialized transport system in the stem of a plant?
Xylem vessels
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How does water move to the leaves of a tree?
It moves rapidly upwards through
xylem vessels
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What color are xylem vessels stained in the study?
Red
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What happens to water when stomata open?
Water
diffuses
out of the leaf
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What is the process called when water diffuses out of leaves?
Transpiration
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What drives the transpiration process?
Energy
from
the
sun
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How does water replace what is lost during transpiration?
Water is drawn from the
xylem
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Why can't water be pulled up more than 10 m?
Water cannot be pulled beyond 10 m due to
tension
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What property of water allows it to stick together?
Cohesion
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What happens to the column of water in xylem vessels when water evaporates?
It is pulled upwards due to
cohesion
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What are the xylem vessels made of?
Cell walls
linked end to end
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What substance thickens the walls of xylem cells?
Lignin
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How do the rings of lignin benefit xylem vessels?
They allow
cells
to
stretch
and
grow
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What are pits in xylem vessels for?
They allow water to move sideways
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What type of trees have tracheids instead of xylem vessels?
Conifers
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How do tracheids differ from xylem vessels?
Tracheids are smaller and not
joined
end-to-end
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What theory explains how water is pulled up in a plant?
Cohesion-tension theory
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How does water enter the roots of plants?
By
osmosis
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What is the water potential of air compared to leaves?
Air
has a
lower water potential
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What is the main use of water taken in by plants?
Photosynthesis
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What is a consequence of high transpiration rates?
It cools the
leaves
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What is the latent heat of vaporization?
Heat required to turn
liquid
into
gas
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Why is water's high heat capacity significant?
It
stabilizes
temperature
in
aquatic
habitats
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How does water's high heat capacity benefit organisms?
It helps maintain stable
temperatures
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What are the properties of water that are important for plants?
Cohesion
: Water molecules stick together
High
latent heat of vaporization
: Cools leaves
High
heat capacity
: Stabilizes temperature
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of transpiration in plants?
Advantages:
Transports
mineral ions
Cools leaves to prevent
overheating
Disadvantages:
Loss of water may seem wasteful
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What is the significance of pits in xylem vessels?
Allow
water
to move
sideways
Help
maintain
water
column
continuity
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How do cohesion and tension work together in water transport?
Cohesion
:
Water molecules
stick together
Tension
: Water column is pulled upwards
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How does transpiration affect tree trunk diameter?
Diameter reduces slightly during
rapid transpiration
Due to
tension
pulling
vessel walls
inward
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What is the process of turning liquid into gas at boiling temperature called?
Vaporization
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What is heat capacity?
Heat required to raise temperature by
1°C
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What do hydrogen bonds cause water molecules to do?
They
cause
water molecules
to
stick
together
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What charge does the oxygen atom in water have?
Slight
negative charge
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What charge do the hydrogen atoms in water have?
Slight
positive
charge
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What is cohesion in water molecules caused by?
Attraction between slight
charges
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How do pond skaters utilize surface tension?
They
move
around
on the
water
surface
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Why are the properties of water important in biology?
Essential for
biological reactions
Solvent
for many substances
Involved in
metabolic reactions
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What is translocation in plants?
Movement of
organic substances
in plants
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What type of cells make up phloem sieve tubes?
Living cells called
sieve elements
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What are sieve plates in phloem sieve tubes?
End walls with holes between
cells
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