A Level Bio - Mass transport in plants

    Cards (114)

    • What is the specialized transport system in the stem of a plant?
      Xylem vessels
    • How does water move to the leaves of a tree?
      It moves rapidly upwards through xylem vessels
    • What color are xylem vessels stained in the study?
      Red
    • What happens to water when stomata open?
      Water diffuses out of the leaf
    • What is the process called when water diffuses out of leaves?
      Transpiration
    • What drives the transpiration process?
      Energy from the sun
    • How does water replace what is lost during transpiration?
      Water is drawn from the xylem
    • Why can't water be pulled up more than 10 m?
      Water cannot be pulled beyond 10 m due to tension
    • What property of water allows it to stick together?
      Cohesion
    • What happens to the column of water in xylem vessels when water evaporates?
      It is pulled upwards due to cohesion
    • What are the xylem vessels made of?
      Cell walls linked end to end
    • What substance thickens the walls of xylem cells?
      Lignin
    • How do the rings of lignin benefit xylem vessels?
      They allow cells to stretch and grow
    • What are pits in xylem vessels for?
      They allow water to move sideways
    • What type of trees have tracheids instead of xylem vessels?
      Conifers
    • How do tracheids differ from xylem vessels?
      Tracheids are smaller and not joined end-to-end
    • What theory explains how water is pulled up in a plant?
      Cohesion-tension theory
    • How does water enter the roots of plants?
      By osmosis
    • What is the water potential of air compared to leaves?
      Air has a lower water potential
    • What is the main use of water taken in by plants?
      Photosynthesis
    • What is a consequence of high transpiration rates?
      It cools the leaves
    • What is the latent heat of vaporization?
      Heat required to turn liquid into gas
    • Why is water's high heat capacity significant?
      It stabilizes temperature in aquatic habitats
    • How does water's high heat capacity benefit organisms?
      It helps maintain stable temperatures
    • What are the properties of water that are important for plants?
      • Cohesion: Water molecules stick together
      • High latent heat of vaporization: Cools leaves
      • High heat capacity: Stabilizes temperature
    • What are the advantages and disadvantages of transpiration in plants?
      Advantages:
      • Transports mineral ions
      • Cools leaves to prevent overheating

      Disadvantages:
      • Loss of water may seem wasteful
    • What is the significance of pits in xylem vessels?
      • Allow water to move sideways
      • Help maintain water column continuity
    • How do cohesion and tension work together in water transport?
      • Cohesion: Water molecules stick together
      • Tension: Water column is pulled upwards
    • How does transpiration affect tree trunk diameter?
      • Diameter reduces slightly during rapid transpiration
      • Due to tension pulling vessel walls inward
    • What is the process of turning liquid into gas at boiling temperature called?
      Vaporization
    • What is heat capacity?
      Heat required to raise temperature by 1°C
    • What do hydrogen bonds cause water molecules to do?
      They cause water molecules to stick together
    • What charge does the oxygen atom in water have?
      Slight negative charge
    • What charge do the hydrogen atoms in water have?
      Slight positive charge
    • What is cohesion in water molecules caused by?
      Attraction between slight charges
    • How do pond skaters utilize surface tension?
      They move around on the water surface
    • Why are the properties of water important in biology?
      • Essential for biological reactions
      • Solvent for many substances
      • Involved in metabolic reactions
    • What is translocation in plants?
      Movement of organic substances in plants
    • What type of cells make up phloem sieve tubes?
      Living cells called sieve elements
    • What are sieve plates in phloem sieve tubes?
      End walls with holes between cells
    See similar decks