distinctive landscapes

Created by

izzy parker

Cards (89)

what is a landscape?
made up of all the visible features of an area or land
what is a landscape called with more physical features eg: mountains, forests etc
natural landscape
what is a landscape called when it has more human features eg: houses, towns etc?
built landscape
where are upland areas found in the uk?
north and west of uk
how are upland areas formed
formed by harder rocks, which resist erosion.
eg, granite etc
what is the gradient of upland areas?
steep
what is the climate at upland areas?
cooler and wetter
land uses in upland areas
sheep farming
quarrying
tourism
where are lowland areas located in uk?
south and east of uk
how are lowland areas formed?
softer rocks eg clay, chalk
climate at lowland?
warmer and drier
land uses at lowland areas?
quarrying
tourism
dairy farming
glaciated areas are found where in uk?
upland areas and north west of UK
ice is able to….
erode the landscape , carving out valleys.
deposit’s lots of material as it melted.
what is rock broken down by?
mechanical and chemical weathering
what are weathering and erosion examples of
geomorphic processes (processes that change the shape of a landscape)
what is mechanical weathering?
breakdown of rock without changing its chemical composition.
when does freeze thaw weathering occur
when temperature alternates above and below 0 degrees. (freezing point of water)
how does freeze thaw weathering occur
water gets into rocks that has cracks (granite)
when water freezes it expands, puts pressure on rock
repeated freezing and thawing widens crack and causes it to break up
what is salt weathering
build up of salt crystals deposited in cracks by waves
what is chemical weathering?
the breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition
what is carbonation weathering?
happens in warm and wet conditions
rainwater has co2 dissolved in it.
makes weak carbonic acid
acid reacts with rock
rocks are dissolved by rainwater
what is mass movement?
material falls down a slope
shifting of rocks and loose material.
happens when force of gravity is greater than force supporting the slope
when is mass movement most likely to happen?
when material is full of water.
makes material heavier
what is hydraulic action?
waves crash against rock and compress air in cracks
puts pressure on rock, repeated compression widens cracks
makes rock break off
what happens with hydraulic action in rivers?
force of water breaks rock particles away from river channel
what is abrasion?
eroded particles in water scrape + rub against rock
removes small pieces of rock
most erosions in rivers happen by 
abrasion
what is attrition?
eroded particles in water smash into each other and break
edged get rounded off as they rub together
further the material travels, the more eroded it gets
what is solution?
dissolved co2 makes river slightly acidic
acid reacts chemically w rocks
eg limestone, chalk
what is transportation?
movement of eroded material
what are 4 processes of transportation
traction- large particles pushed along river bed
suspension- small particles carried along by water
saltation- pebble sized particles bounced along river bed
solution- soluble materials dissolve in water and carried along
what is deposition?
dropping of material
when does deposition occur
when water carrying sediment loses velocity so it isn’t moving fast enough to carry sediment
what are waves that deposit more material than they erode are called?
constructive waves
the amount of material that’s deposited at an area of a coast is increased when?
lots of erosion elsewhere on coast, so lots of material available
lots of transportation of material into area
deposition in rivers occur when:
volume of water in river falls
amount of eroded material increases
water is shallower
headlands and bays form when
erosion resistance is different
how is a bay formed
the less resistant rock is eroded quickly
have a gentle slope
how is a headland formed?
the resistant rock is eroded more slowly,
have steep sides