catalysts

• What is the primary commercial reason for using catalysts?

  They increase reaction rate and reduce energy
• What is a catalyst?

  A substance that increases reaction rate without change
• How does using a catalyst affect the products of a reaction?

  It does not change the products of the reaction
• Why is only a tiny amount of catalyst needed?

  It is not used up in the reaction
• What is a characteristic of catalysts regarding the reactions they catalyse?

  Catalysts are selective about which reactions they catalyse
• How do catalysts affect activation energy?

  They decrease the activation energy needed for a reaction
• What do catalysts provide to lower activation energy?

  An alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy
• What is the result of lowering activation energy with a catalyst?

  More particles have enough energy to react
• What are enzymes classified as?

  Biological catalysts
• What can be observed in a reaction profile regarding catalysts?

  The activation energy is lower for catalysed reactions
• What do reaction profiles illustrate in a chemical reaction?

  • Energy levels of reactants and products
  • Activation energy for catalysed and uncatalysed reactions
• What is the primary function of enzymes in living cells?

  They speed up chemical reactions
• Name three reactions catalysed by enzymes.

  Respiration, photosynthesis, protein synthesis
• What role do enzymes from yeast cells play in fermentation?

  They convert sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide
• What is produced during the fermentation process?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• Why are catalysts important for industrial reactions?

  They speed up reactions to produce products efficiently
• What is a catalyst?

  A substance that speeds up a reaction
• Why is only a small amount of manganese dioxide needed for catalysing hydrogen peroxide decomposition?

  It is not consumed in the reaction
• What reaction can manganese dioxide catalyse?

  The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
• What is the significance of enzymes in biological processes?

  They facilitate essential biochemical reactions
• What are the key roles of enzymes in living organisms?

  • Catalyse (speed up) chemical reactions
  • Facilitate respiration, photosynthesis, and protein synthesis
  • Enable fermentation processes in yeast
• How do catalysts improve industrial reactions?

  • Increase reaction rates
  • Reduce time for product formation
  • Lower energy requirements for reactions