sources of migration

• How many Commonwealth countries were there in 2018?

  • 53 member states
• Which countries are part of the Commonwealth in Africa?

  • Botswana
  • Cameroon
  • The Gambia
  • Ghana
  • Kenya
  • Kingdom of Eswatini
  • Lesotho
  • Malawi
  • Mauritius
  • Mozambique
  • Namibia
  • Nigeria
  • Rwanda
  • Seychelles
  • Sierra Leone
  • South Africa
  • Uganda
  • United Republic of Tanzania
  • Zambia
• Which countries are part of the Commonwealth in Asia?

  • Bangladesh
  • Brunei Darussalam
  • India
  • Malaysia
  • Pakistan
  • Singapore
  • Sri Lanka
• Which countries are part of the Commonwealth in the Caribbean and the Americas?

  • Antigua and Barbuda
  • The Bahamas
  • Barbados
  • Belize
  • Canada
  • Dominica
  • Grenada
  • Guyana
  • Jamaica
  • Saint Lucia
  • St Kitts and Nevis
  • St Vincent and The Grenadines
  • Trinidad and Tobago
• Which countries are part of the Commonwealth in Europe?

  • Cyprus
  • Malta
  • United Kingdom
• Which countries are part of the Commonwealth in the Pacific?

  • Australia
  • Fiji
  • Kiribati
  • New Zealand
  • Papua New Guinea
  • Samoa
  • Solomon Islands
  • Tonga
  • Tuvalu
  • Vanuatu
• What are the member countries of the EU as of 2018?

  • Austria
  • Belgium
  • Bulgaria
  • Croatia
  • Cyprus
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Estonia
  • Finland
  • France
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Hungary
  • Ireland
  • Italy
  • Latvia
  • Lithuania
  • Luxembourg
  • Malta
  • Netherlands
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Slovakia
  • Slovenia
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • UK
• How many member countries were in the EU in 2018?

  28
• What years did Polish servicemen migrate to the UK?

  1945–1949
• Why did Indian immigrants migrate to the UK between 1947 and 1955?

  They escaped conflict after the India-Pakistan partition
• What was the time period of the Windrush migration?

  1948–1971
• What role did Caribbeans play in the UK during the Windrush period?

  They filled vacant jobs in the UK
• When did Irish immigrants start emigrating to the UK?

  1951
• How many Irish immigrants moved to the UK during the 1951–1961 period?

  Thousands
• What significant event occurred in 1972 regarding Ugandan Asians?

  They were expelled from Uganda and given refuge in the UK
• What was established by the EU Treaty of Maastricht in 1992?

  Freedom of movement of goods, services, labour, capital
• What happened after the Iron Curtain fell in 1998?

  Thousands of Eastern Europeans fled persecution for UK asylum
• What year did EU expansion occur that brought over a million migrants?

  2004
• What was the impact of EU expansion in 2004 on migration to the UK?

  It brought over a million migrants
• Some recent history of migration:

  1945–1949: Polish servicemen for the Allies – Thousands resettled in the UK.

  1947–1955: Indian immigrants – Thousands escaped conflict after the India-Pakistan partition.

  1948–1971: Windrush – Thousands of Caribbeans filled vacant UK jobs.

  1951–1961: Irish immigrants – Thousands emigrated from Ireland to the UK.
• 1972: Ugandan Asian immigrants – Thousands of Asians expelled from Uganda were given refuge in the UK.

  1992: EU Treaty of Maastricht – Freedom of movement of goods, services, labour, capital.

  1998: After Iron Curtain falls – thousands of Eastern Europeans flee persecution for UK asylum.

  2004: Eastern European immigrants – EU expansion brought over a million migrants.
• Memberships of these organisations have increased migration, ease of travel and UK's position in the world. Work and study are reasons why people are migrating to the UK.
• THE COMMONWEALTH:

  Key source for migrants to the UK and people prefer UK because:

  • migrants from the same countries are already resident so they join familiar communities
  • share elements of British Culture, British values and English language
  • share a history that has created a common identity
  • UK appealed to Commonwealth countries to help fill job shortages after WW2.
  • The British Nationality Act of 1948 created the status of "Citizen of the UK and Colonies", allowing migration to the UK but later was revoked by the "Immigration Act of 1971".
• The European Union:

  All members must abide by the law

  All EU citizens have the right to..

  • live
  • work
  • study
  • EU formed in 1993
  • membership has divided the UK , resulting in a "leave" vote in 2016