Obstructive sleep apnoea

• What sex is sleep apnoea more common in?

  Males
• What are some risk factors for developing OSA?

  Obesity

  Age

  Male

  Menopause

  Family history

  Anatomical factors

  Alcohol/sedatives

  Smoking

  Medical conditions
• What is the most significant risk factor for OSA?

  Obesity
• Which medical conditions can increase the risk of OSA?

  Hypothyroidism

  Acromegaly

  Polycystic ovary syndrome
• What is the brief pathogenesis of OSA?

  Balance between forces promoting airway patency and those promoting airway collapse = recurring episodes of upper airway obstruction during sleep
• What are some clinical features of OSA?

  Excessive snoring

  Periods of apnoea

  Daytime sleepiness

  Compensated resp acidosis

  Hypertension
• What are 2 formal assessments of sleepiness?

  Epworth sleepiness scale (completed by patient)

  Multiple sleep latency test (MSLT)
• What does the multiple sleep latency test measure?

  Time to fall asleep in a dark room (using EEG criteria)
• How is OSA diagnosed?

  Polysomnography (sleep studies)
• How is OSA managed?

  Weight loss

  CPAP (first line for moderate or severe)

  Intra-oral devices e.g. mandibular advancement (used in mild with no daytime sleepiness)
• Who must be informed in OSA is causing excessive daytime sleepiness?

  DVLA