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Chemistry
Chemical Analysis
Chromatography techniques
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Cards (40)
How does chromatography separate substances?
By utilizing their different
physical properties
What is chromatography?
A method to separate
substances
in a mixture
What is the purpose of chromatography in analyzing mixtures?
To identify the
components
of a mixture
What is the main principle behind paper chromatography?
It separates mixtures based on
solubility
What does the movement of colored spots in paper chromatography demonstrate?
Different heights indicate different
solubilities
More soluble
substances
travel higher
Less soluble substances travel lower
Why do substances move at different speeds in chromatography?
Due to their different
physical properties
What is the name of the component labeled "Solvent Front" in the image?
Solvent Front
What happens to less soluble substances in paper chromatography?
They
move slower
along
the
paper
What are the key factors that affect the separation of components in this setup?
Polarity of the components
Solubility of the components in the
solvent
Interactions between the components and the
paper
Rate of
capillary action
of the solvent
How does chromatography help in analyzing mixtures?
It identifies
components
and their
proportions
What does Paper Chromatography separate based on?
Solvents
and paper
What is one application of chromatography in chemistry?
Analyzing
mixtures
How does the setup in the image work to separate the components of a mixture?
The
solvent
travels up the paper by
capillary action
The components in the mixture travel at different rates based on their interactions with the paper and solvent
This allows the components to separate and form distinct bands or spots on the paper
What role does the paper play in paper chromatography?
The paper acts as a
stationary phase
What is the purpose of identifying substances in chromatography?
To determine
presence
and
concentration
of
compounds
What is the name of the component labeled "Lid" in the image?
Lid
What are the main features that compare paper chromatography and TLC?
Stationary Phase: Paper vs. Silica gel
Separation Speed
: Slower vs. Faster
Quantitative Analysis:
Difficult
vs. Easier
What is the name of the component labeled "Solvent" in the image?
Solvent
What is the significance of different colors traveling at different speeds in paper chromatography?
It reveals the marker's
components
What is one application of chromatography related to purifying compounds?
Separating and isolating desired
substances
What does chromatography do when separating components?
It
distinguishes
and separates different substances
What is the basis for the separation of components in both paper and TLC chromatography?
Different
solubilities of components
Which method is used to separate dyes in ink?
Paper
chromatography
How does paper chromatography work with markers?
Colors travel up the paper at different speeds
Reveals the
components
of the marker
How could you modify the setup to improve the separation of components?
Use a different
solvent
with different
polarity
Change the
paper material
to alter the
interactions
Adjust the
temperature
to affect
solubility
and
capillary action
Use a longer paper strip to increase
separation distance
What is the purpose of the components shown in the image?
Lid
: Covers the setup
Paper: Allows the solvent to travel up by
capillary action
Solvent Front
: Indicates how far the solvent has traveled up the paper
Solvent: Carries the components of the mixture up the paper
What are the key features of
R
f
R_{f}
R
f
values in chromatography?
Dimensionless number
Represents
retention factor
Compares distance traveled by component to
solvent front
Unique for different
substances
in the same solvent
How do different inks behave in paper chromatography with water as the solvent?
They move at different rates based on
solubility
If a component moves 3 cm and the solvent front moves 5 cm, what is the
R
f
R_{f}
R
f
value?
0.6
0.6
0.6
How do more soluble substances behave in paper chromatography?
They
move
faster
along
the
paper
What does the solvent front do in paper chromatography?
It
moves upwards
, carrying
components
Why are
R
f
R_{f}
R
f
values useful in chromatography?
They help identify specific
compounds
What do Rf values indicate?
How far each
component
travels
What does a higher Rf value signify about a component?
It is more
soluble
than others
How can you visualize the role of the solvent in chromatography?
Think of it as water in a river
Carries different
leaves
(substances)
Leaves drift at varying speeds based on floatation
What is the role of the solvent in chromatography?
The
solvent
carries the
mixture's
components
How does the solvent affect the movement of components in chromatography?
It determines their speed based on
solubility
What does the
R
f
R_{f}
R
f
value represent in chromatography?
Retention factor
of a substance
What is chromatography primarily used for?
Separating
mixtures
based on
physical properties
How is the
R
f
R_{f}
R
f
value calculated?
R
f
=
R_{f} =
R
f
=
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\frac{Distance traveled by component}{Distance traveled by solvent front}
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