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GCSE BIOLOGY P1
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Cards (121)
What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?
Cell
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What type of cell lacks a nucleus?
Prokaryotic Cell
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What type of cell has a defined nucleus?
Eukaryotic Cell
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What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Contains
DNA
and controls cell activities
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Where does aerobic respiration occur in the cell?
Mitochondria
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What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?
Protein synthesis
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What organelles carry out photosynthesis in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
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What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls movement of
substances
in/out
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What does the vacuole do in plant cells?
Stores
water
and supports structure
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What is the composition of the cell wall in plant cells?
Cellulose
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What is the genetic material in bacterial cells?
A single circular strand of
DNA
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What are plasmids in bacteria?
Small circular
pieces
of DNA
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What is the function of the flagellum in bacteria?
Helps bacteria
move
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What is the process of cell division called?
Mitosis
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What happens during interphase of mitosis?
Cell prepares by replicating
DNA
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What occurs during prophase of mitosis?
Chromosomes
condense,
nuclear membrane
breaks down
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What is the arrangement of chromosomes during metaphase?
Line up along the cell's
equator
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What happens during anaphase of mitosis?
Sister chromatids
are pulled to opposite poles
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What occurs during telophase of mitosis?
Nuclear membranes
form around
chromatids
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What is cytokinesis?
Cytoplasm
divides, creating two cells
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What is diffusion?
Movement from high to low
concentration
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What is osmosis?
Movement of water across a
semi-permeable
membrane
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What is active transport?
Movement against
concentration gradient
, requires energy
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What is an enzyme?
A
biological
catalyst
for chemical reactions
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What is a substrate?
Molecule that binds to an
enzyme's
active site
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What is the active site of an enzyme?
Specific region where
substrate
binds
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What is denaturation in enzymes?
Loss of shape due to high
temperature
or
pH
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What begins starch digestion in the mouth?
Salivary amylase
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What is the function of the esophagus?
Moves food to the stomach through
peristalsis
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What does pepsin do in the stomach?
Begins
protein
digestion
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What role does hydrochloric acid play in the stomach?
Helps
pepsin
work and kills
microorganisms
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What occurs in the duodenum of the small intestine?
Enzymes
complete digestion
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What is the function of the ileum?
Nutrient absorption through
villi
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What happens in the large intestine?
Absorbs
water and compacts
waste
into feces
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What is the function of the heart?
Pumps blood throughout the
body
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What does the right atrium do?
Receives
deoxygenated
blood from the body
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What is the role of the right ventricle?
Pumps
deoxygenated
blood to the lungs
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What does the left atrium do?
Receives
oxygenated
blood from the lungs
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What is the function of the left ventricle?
Pumps
oxygenated
blood to the body
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What are arteries?
Thick-walled vessels carrying
oxygenated
blood
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