Attachment

• What is the age range for stage one of attachment according to Schaer?

  0 to 6 weeks
• What are the stages of attachment identified by Schaer?

  1. Stage one: Asocial (0-6 weeks)
  2. Stage two: Indiscriminate attachment (6 weeks - 7 months)
  3. Stage three: Specific attachment (7-9 months)
  4. Stage four: Multiple attachment (9-10 months and beyond)
• What behavior do infants display in stage one of attachment?

  Innate behaviors like crying and smiling
• What is the significance of interactional synchrony in caregiver-infant interactions?

  It shows coordinated behavior and emotional matching
• What did Meto and Mo's experiment demonstrate about infants?

  Infants can observe and imitate facial gestures
• What did Cond and Sander (1974) find in their study of neonates?

  Evidence of interactional synchrony and coordination
• Why is inter-rater reliability important in caregiver-infant interaction studies?

  It ensures consistent observations across different observers
• What is a limitation of caregiver-infant interaction research?

  Findings depend on assumptions about infants' mental states
• What is the age range for stage two of attachment?

  6 weeks to 7 months
• What is the primary attachment figure for infants in stage three?

  Most often their mother
• What did Schaer and Emson (1964) find about separation anxiety?

  It occurred in most babies by 25 to 32 weeks
• What does the term "multiple attachment" refer to in stage four?

  Forming attachments with other caregivers
• How does the role of fathers differ from that of mothers in attachment?

  Fathers encourage active play more than mothers
• What did Harlow's research on rhesus monkeys demonstrate?

  Infants prefer comfort over food from caregivers
• What is the critical period for imprinting in goslings according to Loren?

  About 32 hours
• What is the main criticism of generalizing animal behavior to human psychology?

  Humans have different biology and social experiences
• What does Bowlby's monotropy theory suggest about infant attachment?

  Infants have a strong attachment to one primary caregiver
• What is the internal working model in Bowlby's theory?

  A blueprint for future relationships
• What is the age range for the critical period of attachment according to Bowlby?

  First 30 months after birth
• How does Bowlby's theory relate to early childhood care practices?

  Encourages immediate physical contact after birth
• What are the implications of research on attachment for parental leave policies?

  May lead to equal paternity and maternity leave
• What are the key criticisms of Bowlby's attachment theory?

  • Lacks temporal validity
  • Highly deterministic
  • Generalizes findings from animals to humans
  • Ignores the role of fathers
• What are the three attachment types identified by Ainsworth?

  Secure, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant
• What behaviors indicate attachment strength according to Ainsworth?

  Proximity, exploration, separation anxiety
• How do insecure avoidant infants behave in Ainsworth's study?

  They explore freely, avoiding their mother
• What is the significance of sensitive responsiveness in attachment?

  It reflects the caregiver's ability to interpret infant signals
• What is the main focus of attachment theory research?

  Understanding the bond between infants and caregivers
• How does the attachment theory apply to socialization in children?

  Strong attachment predicts better social skills
• What role does the father play in attachment according to research?

  Fathers encourage active play and risk-taking
• What is the main finding of Harlow's research on attachment?

  Infants prefer comfort over food
• What does the term "social releases" refer to in Bowlby's theory?

  Signals used by infants to attract caregivers
• How does Bowlby's theory address the consequences of lack of attachment?

  It suggests permanent negative effects on development
• What is the impact of maternal deprivation according to Harlow's findings?

  It leads to permanent social disorders
• What is the main criticism of learning theory in attachment?

  It oversimplifies the attachment process
• How does learning theory explain attachment formation?

  Through classical and operant conditioning
• What is a limitation of applying learning theory to attachment?

  It is environmentally reductionist
• What does Bowlby's monotropy theory emphasize?

  Infants have a primary attachment figure
• What is the role of social releases in attachment?

  To attract caregiver's attention
• What is the significance of the internal working model?

  It shapes future relationships
• How does Bowlby's theory relate to the role of fathers?

  Fathers provide resources while mothers nurture