control systems

• What does homeostasis refer to in the body?

  Keeping body conditions stable
• How is a control system similar to a thermostat?

  It monitors conditions and maintains balance
• How does the body return to normal temperature when cold?

  By increasing metabolism to generate heat
• What are receptors in the body?

  Structures that detect changes
• What are the key components of a control system in homeostasis?

  • Monitors conditions
  • Takes action to maintain balance
  • Responds to changes in the environment
• What do internal receptors monitor?

  Internal conditions like blood sugar levels
• How do receptors function in the body?

  They act as sensors receiving stimuli
• Which type of receptor detects external changes?

  Sensory organs
• What happens when your body gets cold?

  Your body increases metabolism to generate heat
• What are the two main types of receptors?

  1. Sensory organs (e.g., eyes, ears)
  2. Internal receptors (e.g., monitor blood sugar)
• What is the role of coordination centres?

  To determine the appropriate response to signals
• What are coordination centres?

  Control centres that process signals
• How do coordination centres maintain homeostasis?

  By integrating information from sensors
• What do receptors send signals to?

  The coordination centre
• How do eyes function as receptors?

  They detect light and send signals to the brain
• What happens when the brain receives signals from the eyes?

  It directs the pupils to constrict or dilate
• What is the role of effectors in maintaining homeostasis?

  They perform actions based on instructions received
• What is the function of negative feedback systems?

  • Counteracts changes
  • Keeps conditions stable
  • Example: Thermostat regulating temperature
• When the eyes detect light, what do they send signals to?

  The brain as the coordination centre
• How does positive feedback operate during childbirth?

  Oxytocin release stimulates more contractions
• How do organs function as effectors?

  They carry out functions needed for homeostasis
• What are effectors in biological systems?

  Structures that carry out responses to signals
• How does the function of the brain as a coordination centre differ from that of the pancreas?

  The brain regulates nervous system responses, pancreas regulates endocrine control
• How do glands function as effectors?

  They release hormones to regulate processes
• What are the two types of feedback systems that maintain homeostasis?

  Negative feedback and positive feedback
• What are the types of effectors?

  • Muscles
  • Glands
  • Organs
• How do muscles function as effectors?

  They enable movement to adjust conditions
• What is the outcome of positive feedback during childbirth?

  More oxytocin release until the baby is born
• What happens when the brain receives signals from temperature receptors?

  It directs muscles to raise body temperature
• How does the brain function as a coordination center in relation to effectors?

  It directs muscles to contract and shiver
• What is the function of positive feedback systems?

  • Amplifies changes
  • Leads to rapid responses
  • Example: Childbirth process