Fractional Distillation and simple

• What are the two types of distillation mentioned?

  Simple distillation and fractional distillation
• What is the purpose of simple distillation?

  To separate a liquid from a solution
• How can simple distillation be used with seawater?

  To separate pure water from seawater
• What equipment is used in simple distillation?

  A flask, thermometer, condenser, and heating device
• What is the function of the bung in the flask?

  To prevent gas from escaping
• Why is a thermometer used in the distillation process?

  To measure the temperature inside the flask
• What is the role of the condenser in distillation?

  To cool and condense vapor into liquid
• How does the cooling water flow in the condenser?

  In at the bottom and out at the top
• What happens to the vapor in the condenser?

  It cools and condenses into liquid form
• What remains in the flask after distilling seawater?

  Salt
• Why can't simple distillation separate methanol, ethanol, and propanol?

  They have similar boiling points
• What is the main technique used for separating mixtures of liquids?

  Fractional distillation
• What is a key feature of the fractionating column?

  It has a high surface area with glass rods
• Why is the top of the fractionating column cooler than the bottom?

  Because it is taller and allows cooling
• What temperature is used to evaporate methanol?

  Around 65 degrees Celsius
• What happens to ethanol and propanol in the fractionating column?

  They condense back into liquid form
• What is the next step after collecting methanol?

  Raise the temperature to 78 degrees Celsius
• What can be assumed about the flask after collecting ethanol?

  It contains mostly propanol
• What could be done to ensure pure propanol is collected?

  Raise the temperature to boil off propanol
• What are the steps involved in simple distillation?

  1. Heat the mixture in the flask.
  2. Vapor rises and enters the condenser.
  3. Vapor cools and condenses into liquid.
  4. Collect the distilled liquid in a beaker.
  5. Residue remains in the flask.
• What are the steps involved in fractional distillation?

  1. Heat the mixture in the flask.
  2. Vapor rises through the fractionating column.
  3. Condenses on glass rods and falls back.
  4. Pure liquid passes into the condenser.
  5. Collect the distilled liquid in a beaker.
• Compare simple distillation and fractional distillation.

  • Simple distillation: separates one liquid from a solution.
  • Fractional distillation: separates multiple liquids with similar boiling points.