CC13 groups in the periodic table

• What are the main properties of alkali metals?

  They are malleable, conductive, and reactive.
• How do alkali metals react with water?

  They produce hydrogen gas and hydroxides.
• Why do alkali metals react differently?

  Due to their atomic structure and reactivity trends.
• What group do alkali metals belong to in the periodic table?

  Group 1
• What is the arrangement of the periodic table based on?

  Similar chemical and physical properties in groups.
• What are the physical properties of alkali metals?

  They are malleable, conductive, and soft.
• What happens when potassium reacts with oxygen?

  It forms potassium oxide.
• Write the balanced equation for potassium reacting with oxygen.

  4K(s) + O2(g) → 2K2O(s)
• What is produced when alkali metals react with water?

  Hydrogen gas and hydroxides are produced.
• How does reactivity change among alkali metals?

  Reactivity increases down the group.
• What is the reaction of lithium with water?

  Lithium hydroxide + hydrogen is produced.
• What is the reaction of sodium with water?

  Sodium hydroxide + hydrogen is produced.
• What is the reaction of potassium with water?

  Potassium hydroxide + hydrogen is produced.
• Why do alkali metals form ions with a +1 charge?

  They lose one electron from their outer shell.
• How does the reactivity of rubidium compare to potassium and caesium?

  Rubidium is more reactive than potassium.
• What is the last element to be discovered in nature?

  Francium
• Why is francium considered rare?

  Only 20-30g exists on Earth at any time.
• Why is the reaction of caesium with water not demonstrated in schools?

  It is extremely reactive and dangerous.
• How do the properties of halogens change going down group 7?

  Melting points, boiling points, and densities increase.
• What type of molecules do halogens exist as?

  Diatomic molecules
• How do halogens react with metals?

  They form salts containing halide ions.
• What ions do halogens form?

  Halide ions (F−, Cl−, Br−, I−)
• What is produced when hydrogen reacts with fluorine?

  Hydrogen fluoride
• What is the product of calcium reacting with fluorine?

  Calcium fluoride
• Write the balanced equation for sodium reacting with iodine.

  2Na + I2 → 2NaI
• What happens when hydrogen chloride dissolves in water?

  It forms hydrochloric acid.
• How do halogens show trends in their properties down their group?

  Melting points and boiling points increase.
• What is the order of reactivity of halogens?

  Fluorine > Chlorine > Bromine > Iodine
• What occurs in a displacement reaction involving halogens?

  A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive one.
• Which halogen burns fiercely on hot iron wool?

  Fluorine
• What is the effect of chlorine on hot iron wool?

  It burns brightly.
• What is the effect of bromine on hot iron wool?

  It glows dull red.
• What is the effect of iodine on hot iron wool?

  It changes color.
• What is the trend in density in group 0 elements?

  Density increases down the group.
• Why is argon considered a noble gas?

  It is chemically inert and non-reactive.
• What is the state of argon at room temperature?

  Gas
• How do halogens react with organic and non-metals?

  They form covalent compounds.
• What is the appearance of iodine (I2)?

  It appears as a dark purple solid.
• What happens in halogen displacement reactions?

  A more reactive halogen displaces a less reactive one.
• What is the trend in boiling points of halogens down group 7?

  Boiling points increase down the group.