chromosomes, genome and migration

• What is DNA classified as?

  A polymer made of similar units
• How many strands does DNA have?

  Two strands
• What shape does DNA form?

  A double helix
• If you unraveled DNA from a single cell, how long would it be?

  Over 2 meters long
• How is DNA organized in a cell?


  Separated into 46 different sections
• What are the tightly coiled sections of DNA called?

  Chromosomes
• How many chromosomes does each human cell have?

  46 chromosomes
• How many different types of chromosomes are there?

  23 different types
• What do we call the pairs of chromosomes?

  Chromosome pairs
• What are the sex chromosomes in humans?

  An X chromosome and a Y chromosome
• What chromosomes do women have?

  2 X chromosomes
• What chromosomes do men have?

  1 X and 1 Y chromosome
• When do chromosomes appear in an X shape?

  Just before cell division
• What is a gene?

  A small section of DNA coding for protein
• What does a gene code for?

  A particular sequence of amino acids
• How many different types of amino acids are there?

  20 different types
• What determines the type of cell produced?

  The proteins the cell produces
• What protein do red blood cells need to transport oxygen?

  Hemoglobin
• What is a genome?

  The entire set of genetic material
• How does my genome compare to a stranger's?

  It would be quite different
• How does my genome compare to my parents' genomes?

  It would be more similar
• How do identical twins' genomes compare?

  They have the same genome
• What have scientists worked out regarding the human genome?

  They know the entire code of DNA
• What can identifying genes linked to diseases help with?

  Choosing more effective treatments
• What is an inherited disease?

  A disease caused by inherited genes
• How can genes affect disease risk?

  They may increase the risk of disease
• What can scientists do with genomes regarding human migration?

  Trace the migrations of ancestors
• What do small differences in genomes indicate?

  When populations separated
• what is DNA?

  a chemical that all our genetic material is made of
• how are chromosomes formed?

  one of the DNA's strand is separated into 46 sections which form chromosomes so the DNA can fit inside of the nucleus
• when does a chromosome only look like a x shape?

  before cell division ( mitosis or meiosis )
• what does a chromosome look like a at rest?

  half of an x so it look like a L shape