key terms

• What is an allele?

  A different version of the same gene
• What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

  Dominant alleles are expressed over recessive ones
• What does homozygous mean?

  Having two identical alleles for a gene
• What does heterozygous mean?

  Having two different alleles for a gene
• What is the relationship between genes and traits?

  Genes determine the characteristics we develop
• How are traits determined by genes?

  Some traits are determined by a single gene
• How do multiple genes affect characteristics?

  They interact to influence traits like height
• What is the definition of a gene?

  A segment of DNA coding for a protein
• What are alleles in relation to genes?

  Different forms of the same gene
• How many copies of each gene do we have?

  Two copies, one from each parent
• What does it mean if an organism is homozygous recessive?

  Both alleles are for the recessive trait
• What color would a heterozygous mouse be if purple is dominant?

  The mouse would be purple
• What is the expression of a dominant allele?

  It is always expressed when present
• What is the definition of genotype?

  The entire collection of alleles an organism has
• How do different genotypes affect phenotype?

  Different genotypes can lead to different phenotypes
• What is phenotype?

  The observable characteristics from genotype
• How do the heterozygous and homozygous dominant mice compare in phenotype?

  They have the same phenotype, purple
• What is the phenotype of a homozygous recessive mouse?

  The mouse is green
• What are the key terms related to genetics discussed in the video?

  • Allele
  • Dominant
  • Recessive
  • Homozygous
  • Heterozygous
  • Genotype
  • Phenotype
• What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

  • Genotype: genetic makeup (alleles)
  • Phenotype: observable traits
  • Different genotypes can lead to different phenotypes
• What is the significance of dominant and recessive alleles in phenotype expression?

  • Dominant alleles are expressed over recessive ones
  • Recessive traits appear only in homozygous recessive conditions