structure and how it codes

• What is the shape of DNA described in the video?

  Double helix
• What are the building blocks of DNA called?

  Nucleotides
• What are the three parts of a nucleotide?

  Phosphate, sugar, and base
• How many different types of bases are there in DNA?

  Four
• What do the letters A, T, C, and G stand for?

  Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
• What forms the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA?

  Phosphate of one nucleotide bonds to sugar of another
• What is the protective outer casing of DNA called?

  Sugar phosphate backbone
• What holds the two strands of DNA together?

  Complementary base pairing
• Which bases pair together in DNA?

  A pairs with T, C pairs with G
• If a DNA strand reads A G T G C T T A C, what is the first base on the complementary strand?

  T
• What does the term "genetic code" refer to?

  The sequence of bases in DNA
• What is a gene?

  A sequence of bases coding for a protein
• What is a triplet in the context of DNA?

  A group of three bases
• How does a triplet relate to amino acids?

  Each triplet codes for a specific amino acid
• What is the process of forming a protein from DNA?

  Reading DNA, combining amino acids, folding
• Why do proteins have unique shapes?

  Different sequences of amino acids
• What are the main functions of proteins?

  • Enzymes: Biological catalysts
  • Hormones: Carry messages in the body
  • Structural proteins: Add strength to cells and tissues
• What is the main use of enzymes?

  Speed up chemical reactions
• What do hormones do in the body?

  Carry messages
• What is the role of structural proteins?

  Add strength to cells and tissues