Animal farm

• Man is the only real enemy we have. Remove man from the scene, and the root cause of hunger and overwork is abolished forever. - Old Major

  ?- portrays man as malevolent and powerful. foreshadows how the pigs human traits will destroy animal farm. old major is presented as old and wise to exaggerate his knowledge and impact on animals. its not just jones, its all men: could represent the stereotypically negative view of royal leaders
• No animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. No animal must ever kill any other animal. All animals are equal. - Old Major

  ?- foreshadows Napoleons future tactics. old majors speech is placed at start to underline the desperation and passion of the animals to rebel. anaphora shows the significance and forbiddingness of doing these actions. old major is warning them
• The cleverest developed old Majors teachings into a complete system of thought, to which they gave the name of Animalism.

  ?- 'the cleverest' shows that there is already a hierarchy and that true equality is impossible. contradicts equality from the start. hints the future corruption of the pigs.
• The pigs now revealed that during the past three months they had taught themselves to read and write.

  ?- further hypocrites equality as some animals are more educated than others. start of gradual accumulation of power from the pigs. (turning into humans) the pigs recognise they're smarter than the others and use that as an advantage. makes us question the truth of power
• We pigs are brainworkers. The whole management and organisation of this farm depend on us. It is for your sake we drink that milk and eat those apples. - Squealer

  ?- dramatic irony as we know that the pigs are being selfish and stolen the food. squealer is shown as deceptive and ironizes how propagandas lies are childish and sly, and criticizes the working class for not questioning the stability of a corrupt government
• Do you know the enemy who has come in the night and overthrown our windmill. Snowball! - Napoleon

  ?- snowball used as a scapegoat to cover up the lies and tyranny of the pigs. Squealer beguiles the animals to cover the blunders of their leadership when building. squealer is used as a mouthpiece to echo napoleons ideas. shows the paranoia caused by manipulation
• The tale of confessions and executions went on until there was a pile of corpses lying before napoleons feet.

  ?- 'tale' shows the childishness and fantasy of the confessions and critiques the animals for believing the tyrannical lies. 'pile of corpses' visual imagery , grim and dystopian. position of Napoleon above the corpses gives us a sense of his supreme power, at the top of the hierarchy.
• Out came napoleon himself, majestically upright, casting haughty glances from side to side.

  ?- Napoleons satirical transformation into a human. comical imagery of napoleon: a pig on its 2 legs. shows us how comical power can be and how its just a mask of illusions. power is an illusion.
• Not much of a talker, but with a reputation for getting his own way - (Napoleon)

  ?- 'reputation' animals shown as weak and submissive from the start. foreshadows how he will soon get his own way into leadership and dismiss the rules proposed by major. not talking much signifies his mysterious and dark aura. hints at how someone else will deceive for him.
• Squealer was sent to make the necessary explanations to the others.

  ?- Orwell's use of basic simple language tells us how this was a norm. satirises the manipulation of the Ussr and how they didn't do anything about it. 'necessary explanations' dramatic irony as we know all he will speak is lies and ironizes the fact that they accepted them as true with no rethink
• Are you certain that this is not something that you dreamed? - Squealer

  ?- squealers gaslighting and questioning shows his unarguable authority as he is constructing as a smart pig through the animals eyes. whatever he says must be right which reflects and critiques the omnipotent of propaganda and media
• He cast a very ugly look at Boxer with his little twinkling eye. - (Squealer)

  juxtaposition of ugly and twinkling show how even Orwell who has used 3rd person writing to distance himself from the tyranny of the pigs is getting stunned by squealers skills. foreshadows how boxer is next on squealers hitlist and that the Ussr will take their greatest worker to avoid questioning the regime
• There was only one candidate, Napoleon, who was elected unanimously.

  ?- 'unanimously' is ironic as the animals have no sense to think for themselves so their votes are almost uncountable. they're metaphorically not there. backshadows to how napoleon always gets his way. questions the independence of the animals
• It had become usual to give Napoleon the credit for every successful achievement and every stroke of good fortune.

  ?- 'usual' ironizes and mocks the animals lack of independence through permitting of napoleons own rule. 'stroke' shows how their regime is messy and their luck is barely ever due to their real achievements but ones that have probably been inserted by squealer to confidence boost the farm
• Quicker in speech and more inventive. - (Snowball)

  ?- list of positive verbs give a friendly and real feel to snowball, represent his true dedication and show how he is independent as he's 'inventive'. foreshadows how he will modernly advance the animals lives and be a joy to them. 'quick' shows his fast forward and smart thinking. contrasts to lazy and unbothered jones
• Often won over the majority with his brilliant speeches. - (Snowball)

  ?- demonstrates snowballs use of sincere and influential language. contrasts to napoleons use of tactics and lies to get his own way. snowball uses devotion to windmill and animals wellbeing as a source of change contrasting to napoleon and the other pigs selfishness
• Majors speech had given the more intelligent animals on the farm a completely new outlook on life.

  ?- 'intelligent' sets a foundation of hierarchy through the start of the novella. shows how only some animals are capable and foreshadows further inequality. proves it will never be possible to be equal
• In fighting against man we must not come to resemble him. - Old Major

  ?- warns of the flaws and imperfections of men. foreshadows the fact the pigs will soon turn to greed and tyranny. ironic as majors own species, the most intelligent has gone against him. might be an allegory for how intelligent people reach for greed and manipulation when in the wrong hands
• Old Major was so highly regarded on the farm that everyone was quite ready to lose an hour's sleep in order to hear what he had to say.

  ?- shows that there's already a hierarchy on the farm as major carries status. however juxtaposes to the fact majors wisdom is used in the right hands unlike the pigs which will soon ruin their moral reputation. Also signifies the importance major carries and foreshadows that his words will be taken seriously
• He refused to meddle in such matters. - Benjamin

  ?- alliteration of m reflect his melancholy and dull lifestyle with a dull and uncertain 'm' sound. displays the intelligent but unbothered working class who allowed the leaders to manipulate the uneducated. use of donkey shows how they are a burden and boring. their knowledge is useless without impact
• About the rebellion and its results he would express no opinion. - Benjamin

  ?- criticizes bystanders lifeless opinions and persuades readers to contrast to Benjamin and stand up for their rights. contrasts to blinded boxer, who will still question the regime if necessary
• If comrade napoleon says it, it must be right. - Boxer

  ?- 'must' Orwell criticizes the lack of questioning and active thinking but also sympathises with the unknowing working class, who will do anything to be a help for their leaders. represents those blindly in favour for dictatorships caught up in their cloud of false reality
• He was not of first rate intelligence. - (Boxer)

  ?- contrasts to the pigs which are seen as 'intelligent animals'. sets a foundation for the mental hierarchy of the animals and catalyses the future corruption to come from the pigs. makes us sympathise with boxer as he is shown as kind and strong and trying his best
• It seemed that nothing kept him on his feet except the will to continue. - (Boxer)

  ?- illustrates the determination of the working class. shows how propaganda and lies can kill you slowly. Dramatic irony as we can guess that wont be spared compared to the other animals. represents how the working class were used up and neglected
• She was between the shafts of a smart dog cart... She appeared to be enjoying herself. - (Mollie)

  ?- represents the materialistic middle class who left Russian due to the lack of material goods and fashion. Represents that mollies consumerism has saved her life, which we as readers don't support mollies need for 'ribbons'. Shows the blindness of materialism but also ironizes the situation she left. Orwell thinks materialism is better than communism
• He claimed to know of sugarcandy mountain. - (Moses)

  ?- Moses represents the church and religious groups who pacified the abuse and torture of the animals by claiming they will be rewarded after death. Orwell comedises the way churches would pray on overworked working class people and feed of their laborious pain
• The pigs declared that his stories were lies, and yet allowed him to remain on the farm. - (Moses)

  ?- represents how the Ussr distanced themselves from the church to try gain ultimate authority but did not do anything about them as they kept the people eager to work harder. 'stories' shows Orwells fictional view on religion and how they're a distraction
• The animals hated Moses because he told tales and did no work.

  ?- represents the status of the church. solely there to add burden of Jesus and used their religious status to avoid confrontation from the government. churches portrayal as a crow shows how assentation to heaven can be unholy as crows are seen as deathly and mischievous, which shows how Orwell felt about the church
• the air was heavy with a smell of blood, which had been unknown there since the expulsion of Jones.

  ?- backshadows to Jones cruel reign and how old majors warning about 'resembling man' are coming into play. smell of blood: sense imagery, chocking and vile feeling of disgust. Animals are blinded by fear as the pigs are committing crimes in front of their eyes. heavy: moral burden napoleon now carries for the deaths
• large fierce looking Berkshire boar (Napoleon)

  ?- visual imagery of a daunting and violent animal. alliteration of b creates a booming and large sound, represents napoleons presence and power. napoleon is dark compared to the other pigs , especially snowball, to show his dark inner heart, contrasts to snowballs white as snow heart reflected in his name
• stood sternly surveying his audience (Napoleon)

  ?- sibilance represents the sinister plotting of napoleon and how he is a judgemental and intimidating leader. represents how the Ussr closely monitored their citizens and killed/imprisoned them for a hint of oppression. 'audience' makes the other animals seem like fans, socially lower than him
• It was noticed that they wagged their tails to him in the same way as the other dogs had been used to do to Mr. Jones. (napoleon)

  ?- compares jones and napoleon directly. Orwell tries to warn the animals/ working class that their leaders are corrupt and unchanged in front of their eyes but the working class are blind with denial. hints at a cyclical structure of the leaders
• Napoleon, with the dogs following him, now mounted on to the raised portion of the floor where Major had previously stood to deliver his speech.

  ?- ironizes the fact napoleon would compare himself to the very thing major was trying to abolish. Orwell uses Napoleon to comedise majors death as meaningless compared to a dictator. shows that negativity always lives on
• they were huge dogs, and as fierce-looking as wolves

  ?- foreshadows napoleons use of sly and low reaching tactics to gain power. simile emphasises their horror and intimidation which juxtaposes to the working animals powerlessness and fragility. Orwell warns about the roots of a corrupted dictatorship