Gas exchange in plants

Cards (32)

  • What are the three key layers for gas exchange in a dicotyledonous leaf?
    • Stomata
    • Spongy mesophyll
    • Palisade mesophyll
  • What is the singular form of stomata?
    Stoma
  • What forms the gap known as a stoma?
    Two guard cells
  • Where are most stomata located on a leaf?
    Lower side of the leaf
  • What gas diffuses into the leaf through the stomata?
    Carbon dioxide
  • Where does carbon dioxide diffuse after entering the leaf?
    Into the spongy mesophyll
  • What is the primary function of the palisade mesophyll?
    Photosynthesis
  • What is contained in the vascular bundle?
    Xylem and phloem
  • What does the xylem transport?
    Water and dissolved mineral ions
  • What does the phloem transport?
    Sucrose
  • Why are palisade mesophyll cells elongated?
    To maximize light absorption
  • What is the main product of photosynthesis?
    Glucose
  • Why does carbon dioxide diffuse into the leaf?
    It is required for photosynthesis
  • What gas diffuses out of the leaf through the stomata?
    Oxygen
  • Why does oxygen diffuse out of the leaf?
    It is a product of photosynthesis
  • When do stomata typically close?
    At night
  • What happens to guard cells at night?
    They become less bent
  • What are xerophytic plants adapted to survive?
    Harsh conditions with little water
  • What adaptations do xerophytic plants have to limit water loss?
    • Curled leaves to trap humidity
    • Hair-like structures to retain moisture
    • Sunken stomata to reduce evaporation
    • Thicker cuticle to prevent water loss
    • Longer roots to access water
  • Where can marine grass typically be found?
    Sand dunes
  • Why is the sand in sand dunes described as porous?
    It drains water quickly
  • What is the salinity of the water near marine grass?
    Very salty
  • What is the advantage of curled leaves in xerophytic plants?
    Traps evaporated water, creating humidity
  • What do the spiky structures on xerophytic plants do?
    Trap evaporated water
  • How do sunken stomata help xerophytic plants?
    They create a humid environment
  • What is the purpose of a thicker cuticle in xerophytic plants?
    To prevent evaporation
  • Why do xerophytic plants have longer roots?
    To reach water at greater distances
  • What is the main function of stomata?
    Gas exchange
  • What is the relationship between stomata and photosynthesis?
    Stomata allow carbon dioxide in for photosynthesis
  • What is the role of guard cells in stomata function?
    They control the opening and closing of stomata
  • How does the structure of the palisade mesophyll contribute to its function?
    Its elongated shape maximizes light absorption
  • How do xerophytic adaptations balance gas exchange and water loss?
    They allow gas exchange while minimizing evaporation