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History medicine through time
Western front
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Gracie norman
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Cards (63)
What are the four areas on the western front mentioned?
Ypres
,
Arras
,
The Somme
,
Cambrai
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What is the location of the western front?
Runs from
North Sea
to
Swiss border
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How long was the western front?
700 kilometres
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What was the main theatre of fighting in World War I?
The
Western Front
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Name three major battles on the western front.
Somme,
Verdun
,
Passchendaele
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What advantage did the Germans have at the Somme?
High ground
visibility
of allies' movements
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What condition did allies face when building trenches?
Waterlogged
trenches
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What is a salient in military terms?
Battlefield surrounded on
three
sides
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What chemical weapon was used in the 2nd Battle of Ypres?
Chlorine gas
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What were the conditions like during the 3rd Battle of Ypres in 1917?
Extreme
rain,
waterlogged
, muddy
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How many casualties were there in the 3rd Battle of Ypres?
245,000
casualties
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What was a key feature of the terrain at Arras?
Chalky
terrain for digging tunnels
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How many beds did the underground hospital at Arras have?
700
beds
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What was the casualty rate at the Battle of Cambrai?
60,000
dead or injured on the first day
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What was the total number of casualties at Cambrai?
400,000
casualties
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What was established in 1917 for transfusions?
Robertson Blood Bank
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What was a major use of tanks at Cambrai?
450
tanks were used
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What was trench fever caused by?
Body lice
in clothing and blankets
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What were the symptoms of trench fever?
Flu-like
symptoms, fever, headache
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What percentage of men were unfit for service due to trench fever by 1918?
15%
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What caused trench foot?
Waterlogged
damp conditions
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What were the treatments for trench foot?
Drying
feet or
amputation
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How often should soldiers change their socks to prevent trench foot?
Twice
a day
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What were the symptoms of shell shock?
Tiredness
,
nightmares
, shaking
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How did the army perceive shell shock?
Thought it was
contagious
, not
sympathetic
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How many soldiers suffered from shell shock?
80,000
soldiers
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What was the role of stretcher bearers on the western front?
Recovered dead and wounded from
No Man's Land
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What challenges did stretcher bearers face?
Overcoming
mud
,
shell craters
, darkness
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How many stretcher bearers were there per company?
Four
stretcher bearers
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What was the purpose of a Regimental
Aid
Post
(
RAP
)
?
Treat light wounds for front line return
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What was the capacity of RAPs?
No
capacity
to
house
patients
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What was the role of motor ambulances in WWI?
Transported
wounded
from
front line
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How many motor vehicles did the Red Cross send during the war?
3,446
motor vehicles
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What was the busiest day for ambulance trains during WWI?
Battle of the Somme on
July 7
,
1916
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What were ambulance trains equipped with?
Wards
,
operating rooms
, medical staff quarters
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What did base hospitals treat?
Civilians and
seriously
injured soldiers
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What types of hospitals existed during WWI?
Stationary
and
General
Hospitals
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What was trench fever's impact on troops?
15%
of men unfit for service by
1918
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What was the treatment for trench foot?
Drying feet or
amputation
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What was the mental strain of being in trenches?
Fear and stress leading to
shell shock
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