Sex and gender

• What does sex refer to in biological terms?

  Biological status as male or female
• How is sex determined?

  By chromosomes and hormones affecting anatomy
• What does gender refer to?

  Psychological status as masculine or feminine
• What influences gender roles and behaviors?

  Social or cultural experiences
• How do sex and gender differ in terms of determination?

  Sex is determined by nature, gender by nurture
• What is intersex?

  Children born with ambiguous genitals
• What causes intersex conditions?

  Hormonal imbalances in the womb
• What action are parents encouraged to take for intersex children?

  Opt for surgery to clarify sex
• What change was made in Germany regarding gender in 2012?

  A third gender (X) was added to birth certificates
• Can a person's sex be changed?

  No, sex is genetic and unchangeable
• What is gender reassignment surgery?

  It does not change genetic sex
• How is gender more changeable than sex?

  Gender can vary in different contexts
• What is gender dysphoria?

  Mismatch between biological sex and gender identity
• What is the case study of the Batista Boys about?

  Children identifying as girls at birth changing to males
• What does the Batista Boys case suggest about gender?

  Gender is linked with sex and is flexible
• Why is generalizing the Batista Boys case difficult?

  It is based on one family in a patriarchal society
• What are sex role stereotypes?

  Expectations about acceptable behavior for genders
• How are sex role stereotypes transmitted?

  Through parents, peers, media, and institutions
• What is a potential negative outcome of sex role stereotypes?

  They lead to sexist assumptions about genders
• What are common sex role stereotypes for males and females?

  Males:

  • Settle arguments with fists
  • Breadwinner of the family
  • Not good at expressing feelings

  
  

  Females:

  • Experience mood swings
  • Child carer in the family
  • Settle arguments with silent treatment
• What did Ingalhalikar's research find about male and female brains?

  Women's brains connect better; men's focus on tasks
• What does Smith and Lloyd's research demonstrate?

  Mothers treat boys and girls differently with toys
• How can sex role stereotypes be addressed in society?

  By providing equal learning experiences for children
• What is a potential barrier of categorizing behaviors as masculine or feminine?

  It restricts positive roles for both genders
• What is the current percentage of male nursery workers?

  Only 3% of nursery workers are male
• What could changing sex role stereotypes lead to?

  More equal representation of genders in society