Case Study Human

• Describe Bengalurus population growth

  6.3m in 2003, 13.6m in 2023
• Social Processes in Bengaluru

  -Trickle down effects haven’t benefited everyone, growing divide between middle and lower classes

  -Middle classes are moving to gated suburbs

  -Less the half slum dwellings have access to sanitation and clean water
• Technological Processes

  -City has 200 engineering colleges

  -University provides highly skilled and cheap workforce for India’s defence and space research

  -Companies abroad have invested such as finance, insurance and IT

  -Bengaluru airport 3rd largest in India
• Political Processes in Bengaluru

  -1970s gov set aside large amounts of land for business and science parks

  -With gov investing in education and transport, gov has tackled urban problems
• Economic Processes in Bengaluru

  -Largest job creating city in India

  -Relies on people and skills (tertiary) rather then manufactured goods moving away from traditional MDE economies
• Describe the regeneration of Longbridge in 2001

  £1bn mixed development, 350 new homes -> 2000 more by 2035, £66m Bournville college,

  £100m technology park with 60 businesses, £8m internet connectivity, £70m town centre, 10000 jobs created
• What attractions are found in Birmingham’s Jewellery Quarter?

  Luxury apartments, Michelin star restaurants, wedding shops
• What are fortress developments designed to do?

  Create boundaries and reduce crime
• Where are edge cities typically located?

  In outer suburbs near motorways
• What is a characteristic of post-modern western cities?

  High Tech Corridors and edge cities
• How is the government structured in post-modern western cities?

  Services provided by the market, public-private partnerships
• What type of economy dominates post-modern western cities?

  Quaternary and tertiary services
• What is the planning approach in post-modern western cities?

  Incorporates stakeholder views and spatial fragments
• What is a characteristic of the culture and ethnicity in post-modern western cities?

  A highly polarized and diverse society
• What is the ecology of fear in Las Vegas?

  Ranked third for violent crime in the USA
• Why is Las Vegas considered post-modern?

  Architecture represents over-the-top consumerism
• What drives the economy in Las Vegas?

  Service industry and tourism
• What is a significant issue in Birmingham's urban policy since 1979?

  High levels of deprivation and poverty
• What are the advantages of urban policy in Birmingham from 1979 to 1991?

  • Attracted new businesses to inner city
  • $12 billion investment created 190k jobs
  • Involved communities more
  • Helped build 40k houses
• What are the disadvantages of urban policy in Birmingham from 1991 to 1997?

  • Did little to tackle social problems
  • Top-down approach benefitted skilled individuals
  • Resources spread thinly, money wasted
• What is the aim of the Cheonggyecheon Stream Restoration Project?

  To clear the city highway and restore the river
• How long is the park created by the Cheonggyecheon Stream Restoration Project?

  5.84 km
• What was the cost of the Cheonggyecheon Stream Restoration Project?

  $367 million
• What was one reason for the restoration of the Cheonggyecheon Stream?

  To improve connectivity between city sides
• How many bridges will be built in the Cheonggyecheon Stream Project?

  22 bridges
• What was the impact of the Cheonggyecheon Stream Restoration on bus ridership?

  15.1% increase in bus ridership
• What is the population density of the Netherlands?

  480 people per km²
• What is the capacity of the AEB incinerator in Amsterdam?

  900,000 tons of waste
• What percentage of waste does AEB convert into sustainable energy?

  99%
• What is a significant environmental goal of Copenhagen?

  To be carbon neutral by 2025
• What percentage of Copenhagen's vehicles are electric, hydrogen, or hybrid powered?

  85%
• What is the average income in poorer areas of Birmingham?

  £11,000
• What is the life expectancy in richer areas of Birmingham?

  M 85, F 88
• What percentage of Birmingham's population was non-white in 2011?

  40%
• What is a significant environmental issue in Birmingham?

  High levels of air pollution
• How does flooding affect Birmingham?

  Causes damage to properties and businesses
• What is the annual waste production of Birmingham?

  3.3 million tonnes
• What is a consequence of extreme weather in Birmingham?

  Increased damage to property
• What is the impact of air pollution on residents in Birmingham?

  Causes respiratory problems like bronchitis
• How does lack of green space affect residents' well-being in Birmingham?

  Impacts mental well-being negatively