Classifying different types of constant esotropia

• What is the onset of a paralytic squint?

  Usually sudden
• How can you identify the different types of strabismus based on the eye positions shown in the image?

  • Esotropia: Eyes turn inward
  • Exotropia: Eyes turn outward
  • Hypotropia: Eyes turn downward
  • Hypertropia: Eyes turn upward
• What is the name of the condition where the eyes turn outward?

  Exotropia
• What are the key differences between the four types of strabismus shown in the image?

  • Direction of eye turn: inward, outward, upward, downward
  • Esotropia vs Exotropia: Inward vs outward turning
  • Hypotropia vs Hypertropia: Downward vs upward turning
• In what directions can the eyes turn in constant esotropia?

  Vertically, horizontally, or diagonally
• What are the four main types of strabismus shown in the image?

  • Esotropia (inward turning)
  • Exotropia (outward turning)
  • Hypotropia (downward turning)
  • Hypertropia (upward turning)
• What is constant esotropia?

  Condition where eyes turn inward constantly
• What are the key differences between paralytic and non-paralytic squint?

  • Deviation: Paralytic squint has restricted deviation, non-paralytic has equal/constant deviation
  • Diplopia: Paralytic squint has diplopia, non-paralytic does not
  • Onset: Paralytic squint has sudden onset, non-paralytic has gradual onset
  • Compensatory head posture: Paralytic squint has it, non-paralytic does not
• What is the name of the condition where the eyes turn inward?

  Esotropia
• What is the name of the condition shown in the second image?

  Exotropia
• What are the features that differentiate non-paralytic and paralytic esotropia?

  • Deviation:
  • Non-Paralytic: Constant, equal
  • Paralytic: Variable, dependent on gaze
  • Double Vision:
  • Non-Paralytic: No
  • Paralytic: Yes
  • Onset:
  • Non-Paralytic: Gradual
  • Paralytic: Sudden
• How does paralytic esotropia differ from non-paralytic esotropia?

  Paralytic shows varying deviation; non-paralytic is consistent
• What is the name of the condition shown in the fourth image?

  Hypertropia
• What is the origin of the consecutive group of non-paralytic esotropia?

  Develops after refractive correction
• What is a characteristic of the residual group of non-paralytic esotropia?

  Remains after surgical correction
• How does non-paralytic squint typically develop?

  Usually develops gradually
• What is the name of the condition where the eyes turn upward?

  Hypertropia
• What is the name of the condition shown in the first image?

  Esotropia
• What is the name of the condition where the eyes turn downward?

  Hypotropia
• How does the deviation in non-paralytic squint behave?

  Consistent in all gaze directions
• What is a key characteristic of non-paralytic squint?

  No double vision
• What does the secondary (sensory) group of non-paralytic esotropia result from?

  Vision loss in one eye
• What are the differences between paralytic and non-paralytic squint?

  • Paralytic squint has restricted deviation in the direction of action of the paralyzed muscles, while non-paralytic squint has equal or constant deviation in all directions of gaze.
  • Paralytic squint has diplopia (double vision), while non-paralytic squint does not.
  • Paralytic squint usually has a sudden onset, while non-paralytic squint has a usually gradual onset.
  • Paralytic squint has a compensatory head posture, while non-paralytic squint does not.
• What is the onset of a non-paralytic squint?

  Usually gradual
• How does consecutive non-paralytic esotropia develop?

  It develops after refractive correction or surgery
• What characterizes the primary group of non-paralytic esotropia?

  Present from birth with constant inward deviation
• How could a healthcare provider use the information in this image to diagnose and treat different types of strabismus?

  • Identify the specific type of strabismus based on eye position
  • Determine appropriate treatment options like vision therapy, prisms, or surgery
  • Monitor progress and adjust treatment as needed
• What is the deviation of a non-paralytic squint?

  Equal or constant in all directions of gaze
• What is the name of the false image shown in the image?

  False image
• What is the typical onset of paralytic squint?

  Usually sudden onset
• What is a key characteristic of paralytic squint?

  Always has double vision
• What is the main focus of the study material?

  Identify the 4 main groups of non-paralytic origin
• In which direction do the eyes turn in primary constant esotropia?

  The eyes turn inward horizontally
• What is primary constant esotropia?

  Inward turning of the eyes present at all times
• How do the eyes appear in constant esotropia?

  One or both eyes turn inward
• What are the two categories of esotropia?

  Paralytic and non-paralytic
• What is the definition of primary non-paralytic esotropia?

  Present from birth, constant inward deviation
• What is a key symptom that non-paralytic esotropia typically does not cause?

  Double vision
• How could a person with strabismus (any type) be affected in their daily life?

  • Difficulty with depth perception and binocular vision
  • Eye strain and headaches
  • Social/self-esteem issues
  • Difficulty with tasks requiring hand-eye coordination
• What does the image associated with constant esotropia illustrate?

  • Eyes turning inward in esotropia
  • Other strabismus directions: outward, downward, upward