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• What is writing described as?

  A physical and mental activity
• Why is writing considered an essential job skill?

  It is the basis for judging learning and intellect
• What are the four purposes of writing?

  Express, inform, persuade, create
• What are the steps in the writing process?

  1. Pre-Writing: Plan, choose topic, identify audience, brainstorm
  2. Drafting: Write sentences and paragraphs
  3. Revising: Edit and improve writing
  4. Proofreading: Check for errors
  5. Publishing: Present writing to an audience
• What is the first step in the writing process?

  Pre-Writing
• What does the drafting stage involve?

  Writing ideas in sentences and paragraphs
• What is the purpose of revising in the writing process?

  To edit and improve the writing
• What is the final step in the writing process?

  Publishing
• What characterizes good writing?

  A distinct and appropriate voice
• What are the qualities of good writing?

  1. Ideas: Interesting and important
  2. Organization: Logical and effective
  3. Voice: Individual and appropriate
  4. Word Choice: Specific and remarkable
  5. Sentence Fluency: Smooth and expressive
  6. Conventions: Correct and communicative
• What does 'ideas' refer to in good writing?

  Interesting and important concepts
• How does organization contribute to good writing?

  It refers to the logical order of ideas
• What is meant by 'voice' in writing?

  Expression of the writer's personality
• Why is word choice important in writing?

  It uses the right words effectively
• What does sentence fluency refer to?

  Rhythm and flow of the language
• What are conventions in writing?

  Agreed rules for punctuation and grammar
• What skills does writing equip us with?

  Communication and thinking skills
• How does writing enhance critical thinking skills?

  It helps develop analytical skills
• What are common problems students face when writing in English?

  Improper development of analytical skills
• What is one reason students struggle with writing?

  Lack of writing practice
• What can poor grammar and syntax skills lead to?

  Common problems in writing
• Why is feedback important in writing?

  It helps improve writing quality
• What can cause anxiety in writing?

  Lack of ideas
• What is an academic text?

  Critical, technical, objective text by experts
• What are the characteristics of academic texts?

  • Written by professionals
  • Well-edited and takes years to publish
  • Uses formal language
  • Contains field-specific jargon
  • Includes sources and references
  • Aims to advance understanding
  • Can be challenging for beginners
  • Informative, argumentative, and objective
• What are the major disciplines in academic texts?

  • Business: Accounting, Economics, Finance, Management, Marketing
  • Humanities: Art, History, Languages, Literature, Music, Philosophy
  • Natural Sciences: Biology, Chemistry, Computer Science
  • Social Sciences: Anthropology, Education, Geography, Law, Political Science
• What are the types of academic texts?

  1. Descriptive: Provides facts and information
  2. Analytical: Organizes information into categories
  3. Persuasive: Includes arguments and interpretations
  4. Critical: Considers multiple viewpoints
• What is the purpose of academic texts?

  To inform, persuade, and argue
• What factors shape academic writing?

  • Audience
  • Purpose
  • Organization
  • Style
  • Flow
  • Presentation
• What language is required in academic writing?

  Formal language
• What are the four main characteristics of academic language?

  1. Formality
  2. Objectivity
  3. Explicitness
  4. Caution
• How can formality be achieved in academic writing?

  • Use expanded forms over contractions
  • Choose one-word verbs over two-word verbs
  • Avoid abbreviations
  • Avoid colloquial expressions
• How can objectivity be achieved in academic writing?

  • Avoid personal pronouns
  • Use third person point of view
  • Avoid rhetorical questions
  • Avoid emotive language
• What does explicitness mean in academic writing?

  • Clarity of writing structure
  • Use clear conjunctions and connectors
• What does caution mean in academic writing?

  • Avoid sweeping generalizations
  • Be careful with arguments
• What is a non-academic text?

  Written for the mass public
• What are the characteristics of non-academic texts?

  • Published quickly
  • Written by anyone
  • Uses informal language
  • May contain slang
  • Authors may be unknown
  • Delivers simple information
  • Easily understood by any reader
  • Personal and subjective in nature
• What are the differences between academic and non-academic texts?

  • Academic: Author's name and credentials present
  • Non-Academic: Author not obligatory, no credentials
  • Academic: References listed
  • Non-Academic: No reference lists
  • Academic: Written by professionals
  • Non-Academic: Written for the mass public
  • Academic: Edited by peers, takes years to publish
  • Non-Academic: Published quickly, written by anyone
  • Academic: Formal language
  • Non-Academic: Informal language
• What is professional writing?

  • Formal style for business settings
  • Communicates important information clearly
  • Applies learned skills to real-life scenarios
  • Targets colleagues and clients
  • Aims to influence or convince
• What is an academic text?

  Critical, technical, objective text by experts