psych problems

• what are the symptoms of bipolar disorder?

  manic and depressive episodes
• what is the ICD criteria for depression?

  Five or more of the following symptoms present during the same 2-week period, representing a change from previous functioning; at least one of the symptoms is either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure: depressed mood, diminished interest or pleasure, significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation or retardation, fatigue or loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, diminished ability to think or concentrate, recurrent thoughts of death.
• what is the ICD criteria for addiction?

  Impaired control, social impairment, risky use,
• what are the ICD symptoms for addiction?

  strong desire or sense of compulsion to take the substance despite harmful consequences, impaired capacity to control substance-taking behaviour and pre-occupation with substance use and the giving up of activities once deemed important
• what are individual effects and examples?

  Individual effects refer to the impact of a particular event, action, or decision on a single person. Examples include changes in behavior, emotions, or physical well-being experienced by an individual as a result of a specific stimulus. such as relationship strain
• what are social effects and examples?

  social effects refer to when an illness has a social impact such as staff shortages, funding effects on the economy etc
• who conducted an experiment on the effects on solo antidepressants and CBT, then combined?

  Wiles 2013
• who suggested that addictions isn't just substances? what are the 4 P's?

  Walters 1999 - preoccupation, progression, perceived loss of control and persistence despite negative consequences
• what are Griffiths 6 core components of addiction?

  withdrawal

  tolerance

  salience - important activity

  relapse

  mood modification - getting a high

  conflict
• explain Kaij 1960

  studied concordance rates of depression on identical and fraternal twins. found that identical twins had a 57% concordance rate of depression and fraternal twins were 28%. showing their is a genetic factor of depression but are other factors.
• explain Deblasio and Benda 1993

  they found that peer influence and association have increased the uptake of drugs and alcohol in young people. People that smoke are more likely to associate with others who smoke to conform to the admired group.