Transport in Animals

• What is a transport system?


  A system that moves oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste, and heat around the body.
• Why are transport systems needed in multicellular organisms?


  To supply oxygen and nutrients to internal cells.
• How does organism size affect the need for a transport system?

  Oxygen is used up by outer cells, so diffusion alone is insufficient.
• How does SA:Volume ratio affect the need for a transport system?

  A low SA:Volume ratio means insufficient surface area for diffusion.
• How does activity level affect the need for a transport system?

  More active organisms need more oxygen and faster CO₂ removal.
• What are the features of a good transport system?

  • Circulating fluid (blood) to carry materials
  • Muscular pump (heart) to create pressure
  • Vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) to transport blood
  • Exchange surfaces for material transfer
  • Double circulation for oxygen pickup and delivery
• What does it mean for mammals to have a double circulatory system?

  Blood passes through the heart twice per full body circuit.
• What is pulmonary circulation?

  It transports deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
• What is systemic circulation?

  It delivers oxygenated blood to body organs.
• How is a single circulatory system different?

  Blood passes through the heart only once per circuit.
• Why do fish have a single circulatory system?

  Blood passes through the heart once per full circuit.
• Why can fish survive with a single circulatory system?

  They are less active and have lower oxygen demands.
• Why is a double circulatory system better than a single one?

  It ensures fast blood flow and efficient delivery.
• What is transport?

  The movement of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste, and heat around the body.
• What is an open circulatory system?

  Blood flows freely through the body cavity.
• Which organisms have an open circulatory system?

  Insects and some other invertebrates.
• What is a closed circulatory system?

  Blood is contained in vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries).
• Which organisms have a closed circulatory system?

  All vertebrates.
• How does blood circulate in an open circulatory system?

  Blood flows freely in the body cavity, bathing tissues directly.
• How does blood circulate in a closed circulatory system?

  Blood is pumped through vessels with exchange through capillaries.
• How do insects circulate blood?

  Muscles pump blood, and some have multi-chambered hearts.
• Why is an open circulatory system efficient enough for insects?

  The tracheal system delivers oxygen directly to cells.
• Why must insects be relatively small in size?

  Their systems are not efficient enough for large bodies.
• What is a mass flow system?

  A system where substances are transported in bulk due to pressure differences.
• What are the differences between open and closed circulatory systems?

  Open Circulatory System:

  • Blood flows freely in body cavity
  • Found in insects and some invertebrates

  
  

  Closed Circulatory System:

  • Blood is contained in vessels
  • Found in all vertebrates