A01

• What are the two types of effects anxiety has?

  Emotional and physical effects
• What is unclear about the effects of anxiety on eyewitness recall?

  Whether they make recall better or worse
• What is the weapon focus effect in relation to anxiety?

  Anxiety reduces recall of event details
• How does anxiety affect attention to important cues?

  It prevents paying attention to them
• What was the procedure in Craig Johnson and William Scott's study on anxiety and eyewitness testimony?

  • Participants believed they were in a lab study
  • Low-anxiety condition: casual conversation, man with a pen
  • High-anxiety condition: heated argument, man with a knife
• What percentage of participants identified the man with the pen?

  49%
• What percentage of participants identified the man with the knife?

  33%
• What does the tunnel theory of memory suggest?

  Enhanced memory for central events
• How does witnessing a stressful event affect anxiety and recall?

  It may improve memory due to alertness
• What was the procedure in John Yuille and Judith Cutshall's study on eyewitness memory?

  • Study of a real shooting incident
  • 21 witnesses, 13 participated
  • Interviews conducted 4-5 months later
  • Compared with original police interviews
• What did the witnesses rate in Yuille and Cutshall's study?

  How stressed they felt during the incident
• What was the accuracy of the witnesses' accounts after five months?

  Very accurate with little change
• Which group had the highest accuracy in Yuille and Cutshall's study?

  Those who reported the highest stress levels
• What does the Yerkes-Dodson Law explain about anxiety and performance?

  It shows an inverted U relationship
• What happens to recall accuracy as anxiety levels increase according to the Yerkes-Dodson Law?

  Memory becomes more accurate until optimal level
• What occurs if anxiety levels exceed the optimal point?

  Recall suffers a drastic decline
• What are the contradictory findings regarding anxiety and eyewitness testimony?

  • Anxiety can impair recall (weapon focus)
  • Anxiety can enhance recall (real-world stress)
  • Yerkes-Dodson Law explains varying effects