Wundt, introspection, psychology as a science

• Who is often considered the father of psychology?

  Wilhelm Wundt
• When did Wundt open the first psychology laboratory?

  1879
• What research technique did Wundt develop?

  Introspection
• How did Wundt define introspection?

  Examining and reporting on mental processes
• What was the purpose of using highly trained observers in Wundt's studies?

  To report their own mental processes accurately
• What type of environment did Wundt conduct his introspection studies in?

  Carefully controlled environment
• Why is Wundt's introspection considered subjective?

  It relies on non-observable responses
• What is a limitation of Wundt's introspection method?

  It is difficult to generalize findings
• What did Wundt's emphasis on experimental methods contribute to psychology?

  It established psychology as a scientific discipline
• What are the key contributions of Descartes, Locke, and Darwin to psychology?

  • Descartes: Cartesian Dualism (mind-body separation)
  • Locke: Empiricism (knowledge from experience)
  • Darwin: Evolutionary theory (behavior changes over generations)
• What did Wundt's laboratory aim to achieve in psychology?

  To describe the mind scientifically
• Who criticized Wundt's introspection method?

  John Watson
• What was Watson's main issue with introspection?

  It was subjective and lacked generalizability
• What did the behaviorist approach emphasize?

  • Focus on observable behavior
  • Rejection of inner mental states
  • Use of controlled experiments
• Who were the key behaviorists mentioned?

  Watson, Skinner, and Pavlov
• What scientific procedures did the cognitive approach use in the 1950s?

  Laboratory experiments and computer models
• What did the cognitive approach believe about mental processes?

  They should not be ignored
• What technological advances influenced the biological approach in the 1980s?

  Brain scanning techniques
• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  • Combination of cognitive and biological approaches
  • Studies behavior using scientific methods
  • Focuses on mental processes and brain functions
• What does "Tabula Rasa" mean?

  Blank slate
• How did evolutionary theory influence psychology?

  It explained behavior changes over generations